1080 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



young plants giving off lateral shoots immediately above the cotyledons, while others 

 have a long unbranched stem. 1 The primordial needles are very long, narrow, and 

 finely serrate ; and are succeeded by the ternate leaves when the stem attains 6 or 8 

 in. in height. 



Varieties 



Both in wild and cultivated trees there is great variation in the size of the cones ; 

 and the length of the leaves is not constant. P. radiata was formerly supposed to 

 differ from P. insignis in having larger cones ; but intermediate forms are numerous.' 



Var. binata, Engelmann, in Brewer and Watson, Bot. California, ii. 128 (1880). 

 Leaves usually in twos. Specimens 8 at Kew bear much smaller cones than in the 

 type, symmetrical at the base and with scales not swollen on the outer side. This 

 variety was discovered in 1875 by Dr. Palmer on Guadalupe island, off the coast of 

 Lower California, and was found in 1 888 by Brandegee 4 on Santa Cruz and Santa 

 Rosa isles, off Santa Barbara in California. Dr. Franceschi says 5 that this pine is 

 found on the northern and north-western part of Guadalupe, which in times past 

 must have been covered with a dense forest. It grows in company with a palm, 

 Erythea edulis, and with Quercus tomentella, at considerable elevations. The trees 6 

 are vigorous and handsome, averaging 70 ft. in height and 7J ft. in girth. Near the 

 sea they are cut like a hedge owing to the force of the wind. 



Var. aurea. A form with bright golden foliage has appeared in New Zealand, 

 and is being propagated there for sale. 7 



Distribution 



This species has a very restricted distribution, occurring only in a narrow belt 

 a few miles wide on the coast of California from Pescadero to San Simeon Bay ; on 

 the islands of Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz off Santa Barbara, and on Guadalupe 

 island, off the coast of Lower California, the insular form belonging as described 

 above, to var. binata. 



It is most abundant and of its largest size on Point Pinos, 8 south of the Bay of 

 Monterey. At Pacific Grove, 9 where the forest of this pine is extremely important, 



1 Cf. Gard. Chron. ix. 337 (1891). 



8 Large cones, var. macrocarpa, Gordon, Pitutum, 206 (1858), are said by Hartweg, \nJoum. Hort. Soc. iii. 226 (1848), 

 to be characteristic of the pines forming a wood at San Antonio, some distance from the sea. Lemmon, however, in West 

 American Cone-Bearers, 6 (1895), says that trees with large cones occur near the sea, those with small cones being seen on 

 the outskirts of the forest, farthest from the ocean. 



3 Collected in Guadalupe by Dr. Palmer in 1875, by Dr. Franceschi in 1892, and by A. W. Antony in 1896. 



* Cf. Proc. Calif. Acad. i. pt. ii. 217 (1889). 



8 In Zoe, iv. 130 (1893). 



6 According to Palmer, in Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. xi. 119 (1876). 



1 Cf. T. W. Adams, Genus Pinus, 4, a paper read at the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand, on 7th 

 August 1907. Mr. Adams saved seed from a cone without any knobs on its outer side, and all the trees raised are now 

 bearing cones of the ordinary type. A number of varieties have arisen in New Zealand, remarkable for the variation in the 

 size of the cones and in the colour of the foliage. 



9 Here it mixes slightly with P. muricata. 



9 Cf. G. J. Pierce, in Bot. Gazette, xxxvii. 448 (1904), who describes the attacks of a fly, Diplosis pini-radiatce. Snow, 

 which produces a basal hypertrophy of the needles of this pine. It is also much attacked by a kind of mistletoe, Arceuthobium 

 occidentale, Engelm. ; and an interesting account of the dissemination of the seeds of this parasite on the pine is given by 

 Pierce in Ann. Bot. xix. 99-113 (1905). 





