1088 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



attaining a few inches in length and branching. Carriere 1 records an instance 

 where clusters of staminate flowers, without any foliage, issued from the trunk of a 

 tree of this species. 



In New Jersey, 2 after the destruction of the trees by fires or by felling, sprouts 

 arise from the stumps, which grow to a considerable size, 6 to 8 in. in diameter ; 

 and suckers also spring from the roots, giving rise to a dense bush-like growth. 

 At Grafrath, 8 near Munich, only 4 per cent of a number of trees, broken by snow, 

 gave stool-shoots, most of which were short-lived. Similarly, at Les Barres, 

 numerous stool-shoots were produced from the stumps of felled trees, but M. Parde 4 

 believes that these will never make trees. This faculty of regeneration by coppice 

 shoots, so rare amongst conifers, appears in this case to be of no economic value. 



Distribution 



This species is the one always known in eastern North America as the 

 pitch pine, though having nothing in common with the pitch pine of commerce 

 (P. palustris). It is widely distributed, crossing the northern boundary of the 

 United States, as far north as the valley of the St. John River in southern 

 New Brunswick, the north shore of Lake Ontario, and the valley of the lower 

 Ottawa river ; extending southward in the Atlantic States from Franklin County, 

 Maine, where it is a mere shrub, to northern Georgia, and crossing the Alleghany 

 Mountains to their western foot-hills in eastern Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 

 Kentucky, and Tennessee. It is common in the New England states, often 

 forming extensive forests, and grows mainly on sandy plains and dry gravelly 

 slopes, though occasionally it is seen in swamps. In New Hampshire, where I saw 

 this species, the greater part of the land on which it occurs has been repeatedly 

 burnt over ; 5 and it appears to be adapted for regeneration after forest fires, as, like 

 P. Banksiana, it produces cones freely and at an early age ; and a considerable 

 percentage of the cones hold the seed for several years. Near Hinsdale, it grows in 

 pure open woods on poor sand, the trees scarcely ever exceeding 60 ft. in height and 

 4 ft. in girth ; but in slightly better soil, where the sand contained the mould of 

 decayed leaves, P. Strobus grows with it in mixture, and will eventually suppress it, 

 owing to the taller growth of the Weymouth pine. 



Sargent 8 gives an account of a pure forest of the species in Ocean County, 

 New Jersey, which occupies land that had been farmed fifty years previously. An 

 illustration shows a forest of crowded small slender trees about 50 ft. in height. 

 According to Prof. Cooke, 7 it is one of the most profitable trees to plant in this 



1 Conif. 448 (1867). 



2 Garden and Forest, viii. 472 (1895), and x. 192, fig. 24 (1897), the figure showing new growth after the destruction 

 of all the foliage by fire. 



3 Mayr, Fremdldnd. Wald- u. Parkbaume, 363, fig. 116 (1906), the figure showing a burnt tree with numerous 

 adventitious shoots on the stem. 



4 Principaux V/gtt. Ligneux Exotiques, 37. Mr. T. W. Adams, in a paper read 7th August 1907, at the Philosophical 

 Institute, Canterbury, New Zealand, says : " Trees nearly a foot in diameter, which I cut down in thinning a plantation, 

 sent out leaves along the trunk, while lying on the ground, as some broad-leaved trees do. " 



* Cf. Chittenden, U.S. Forestry Bulletin, No. 55, p. 55 (1905). 



Garden and Forest, i. 166 (1888). ' Ibid. 59. 



