Pinus 1089 



state, where, after thirty years, it yields a net profit averaging $15 per acre. Owing 

 to the facility with which it can be raised by sowing 1 on the poorest soil, it has 

 lately been planted in barren tracts on the coast of Massachusetts and New Jersey, 

 for the production of firewood, though old houses timbered and floored a hundred 

 years ago with this wood, grown on better soil, are still in a good state of 

 preservation. Grown singly, it assumes a ragged appearance, as is well shown in a 

 picture of a wind-swept specimen given in Garden and Forest, iv. 397, fig. 65 (1891). 

 > (A. H.) 



Cultivation 



According to Aiton, it was in cultivation at Woburn before 1759; but though 

 it grows better and lives longer than any of the eastern American pines, except 

 P. Strobus, it has never become common, and has no qualities which make it 

 desirable to cultivate in this country, except in botanic gardens and collections of 

 conifers. It is hardy, and often ripens seed in the south of England; and as it 

 grows well on the seashore and does not object to salt in the soil, it might be 

 planted on barren sandy shores, though it might not be so suitable for this purpose 

 as P. radiata or P. austriaca. It has been tried as a forest tree in Germany, where 

 it was at first believed to be the species which produced the pitch pine of commerce, 

 but has not shown any promise of success. 2 In France, according to M. M. de 

 Vilmorin, 3 it is only fit for firewood and of no economic importance, though it 

 might be tried on sandy soils in localities too cold for P. Pinaster. 



I saw trees at Baleine, near Moulins, and at Geneste and Catros, near Bordeaux, 

 of considerable age, but of no great size, which seems to prove that a warmer climate 

 does not favour its development. 



In the Hertogenwald, in Belgium, about fifty trees 4 of this species, planted in 

 mixture with the common pine at 1500 ft. elevation, on poor soil, at fifty-five years 

 old, average 48 ft. high, and, though healthy and bearing cones, show no advantage 

 in this situation over P. sylvestris. 



Forbes states that there were several trees of this species believed by him to 

 have been planted in 1743 in the evergreens at Woburn in 1839, one of which 

 measured 75 ft. high and 1 1 ft. in girth ; but I could hear of none now living. 



The largest tree, which we have seen or heard of, is growing at Dropmore, and 

 in 1909 was 84 ft. high by 7 ft. 8 in. in girth. It was probably planted in 1847. 

 There are three good trees at Arley Castle, two of which, represented in Plate 286, 

 measured in 1904, 69 ft. and 66 ft. in height, both being 7 ft. 2 in. in girth. The 

 third is 66 ft. high by 5 ft. 11 in. in girth. A tree in Mr. Kaufmann's grounds, 

 The Wilderness, White Knights, measured in 1904, 48 ft. by 8 ft. 1 in., and has 

 thrown out from the stem numerous small adventitious branchlets. Mr. A. B. 

 Jackson measured in 1909 a tree at Bury Hill, Dorking, 56 ft. by 4 ft. Another at 

 Essendon Place, Herts, measured 45 ft. by t\ ft. in 1908. There are also smaller 



1 It is sown broadcast or in shallow drills. No other conifer grows so rapidly in New England on dry sterile gravels. 

 Cf. Sargent, in Garden and Forest, x. 470 (1897). 



2 Cf. Mayr, op. at. ; Schwappach, Anbauversuche frevtdldnd. Holzarten, 58 (1901) ; and Unwin, Future Forest 7'rees, 

 49, 86 (1905). 3 Garden and Forest, x. 113 (1897). 4 Seen by Henry in 1908. 



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