1098 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



PINUS ECHINATA, Short-leaf Pine 



Pinus echinata, Miller, Diet. Ed. 8, No. 12 (1768); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 143, t. 587 (1897), 

 and Trees N. Amer. 29 (1905); Mohr, U.S. Forestry Bulletin No. 13, Timber Pines of 

 Southern U.S. 91, plates 13-16 (1897); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxv. 624 (1904). 



Pinus virginiana, Miller, var. echinata, Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 44 (1771). 



Pinus squarrosa, Walter, PI. Carol. 237 (1788). 



Pinus Tada, Linnaeus, var. variabilis, Aiton, Hort. Kan. iii. 368 (1789). 



Pinus Tada, Linnaeus, var. echinata, Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 312 (1790). 



Pinus mitis, Michaux, PI. Bor. Amer. ii. 204 (1803); Loudon, Arb. et Prut. Brit. iv. 2195 (1838); 

 Kent, Veitch's Man. Conifera, 342 (1900); Mayr, Fremdldnd. Wald- u. Parkbdumc, 358 

 (1906); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 32 (1909). 



Pinus variabilis, Lambert, Genus Pinus, i. 22, t. 15 (1803). 



A tree, attaining in America 1 20 ft. in height and 1 2 ft. in girth. Bark about 

 an inch thick, broken into large irregular scaly plates. Young branchlets slender, 

 brittle, glabrous, glaucous ; in the third year the bark of the branchlets exfoliates in 

 large flakes. Buds, \ in. long, cylindrical, sharp-pointed, brownish, shining, with 

 resinous and appressed scales. 



Leaves, both in pairs and in threes, deciduous in the second and third years, 

 spreading, about 3 in. long, slender, flexible, curved, slightly twisted, serrulate, sharp- 

 pointed, with stomatic lines on all three surfaces ; resin-canals median ; basal sheath 

 f in. long. 



Cones lateral, either subsessile and spreading, or short-stalked and pendulous, 

 in pairs or clusters of three or four, ovoid, 1 \ to 2 in. long, dull brown ; scales about 

 f in. long, obovate, cuneate, rounded at the apex, thin and flexible ; apophysis slightly 

 thickened, with a transverse ridge and a central umbo, armed with a short, often 

 deciduous, prickle. Seed triangular, brownish-black, f\ in. long ; wing \ in. long, 

 pale, streaked with brown lines ; cotyledons 4 to 7. 



This species is readily distinguishable by the leaves, both two and three in a 

 cluster, and by the peculiar scaling of the bark on the branchlets in the third year. 



A complete account of this pine, with a map of its distribution, is given by 

 Mohr, who states that it is a tree of the plains and foothills, in the south rarely 

 ascending to 2500 ft., and in the north never higher than 1000 ft. East of the 

 Mississippi it is now found scattered amongst the broad-leaved trees ; but in the 

 beginning of the nineteenth century it formed a considerable part of the coniferous 

 forest, growing on light sandy soil in the Atlantic states from New York to Virginia. 



(A. H.) 



This tree has much the same distribution as P. Tceda, occurring from Staten 

 Island, New York, and east Pennsylvania, through the Atlantic states to northern 

 Florida, crossing the Alleghany Mountains to Kentucky and Tennessee, and extending 

 west to north-eastern Texas, north-western Louisiana, Arkansas, southern Missouri 

 and south-west Illinois. It is more abundant inland than on the coast region of the 

 Gulf states, where the pitch pine replaces it ; and is most abundant and in the 

 greatest perfection west of the Mississippi river, where it forms large forests and 

 is the most important source of the timber known in the United States as yellow 



