Pinus io 99 



pine, which is used more largely for ordinary building purposes in the south-western 

 states than any other wood ; and as this tree has the power of spreading itself rapidly 

 over abandoned fields, which it soon covers with healthy forest, it is not likely to 

 become scarce. According to Mohr, average trees in Arkansas and Texas range 

 from 95 to 120 ft. high, and 17 to 25 in. in diameter, at ages of 100 to 200 years. 



According to Sargent this timber ' is very variable in quality, but only second to 

 true pitch pine in its class, and being less resinous, softer and more easily worked, is 

 often preferred for cabinet-making, interior finish, doors, window-sashes, etc. It is 

 also largeiy used for flooring, weather-boarding, railway cars and sleepers. 



Though it does not yet seem to be well known in Europe, yet as pitch pine 

 becomes scarcer and dearer, it will no doubt be substituted for it, or for white pine 

 (P. Slrobus), which is already known in the English market as yellow pine. 



This pine is remarkable for its capacity of producing vigorous sprouts 2 from the 

 stumps, when the tree is felled or injured by fire. These coppice shoots, ten to 

 thirty in number from each stump, remain bushy, attaining no great height, and are 

 of no value for the regeneration of the tree. 



P. echinata was introduced into England about 1739, as Miller had it in culti- 

 vation in that year ; but has proved as unsuitable for this climate as most of the 

 other pines of the Atlantic coast, and is probably short-lived, as it is very rare in 

 collections. 8 A tree at Dropmore, which in 1908 measured 50 ft. high and 3 ft. 4 

 in. in girth, is probably the specimen mentioned by Loudon 5s being cultivated 

 there under the name P. variabilis, which it still bears. Mr. Page says that it 

 occasionally bears a few cones, but that he has not succeeded in raising plants from 

 the seed. Another specimen at Bayfordbury is 34 ft. by 3 ft. ; and one in Kew 

 Gardens, which bore a few cones in 1908, measured 32 ft. by 2 ft. 4 in. in 1909. 



(H. J. E.) 



PINUS HALEPENSIS, Aleppo Pine 



Pinus halepensis, Miller, Diet. Ed. 8, No. 8 (1768); Loudon, Arb. el. Frut. Brit. iv. 2231 (1838); 



Boissier, Flora Orientalis, v. 695 (1884); Masters, Gard. Chron. xxii. 552, f. 97 (1884), iii. 



627, f. 84 (1888), and Journ. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xxxv. 606 (1904); Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 



237 (1887); Mathieu, Flore Forestiere, 607 (1897); Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 332 



(1900); Clinton-Baker, Must. Com/, i. 23 (1909). 

 Pinus alepensis, Poiret, in Lamarck, Diet. v. 338 (1804). 

 Pinus hierosolymitanaf Duhamel, Trait'e des Arbres, ii. 126 (1755). 

 Pinus maritima, Lambert, Gen. Pinus, i. t. 6 (1832) (not Miller). 



A tree attaining 80 ft. in height and 1 2 to 1 5 ft. in girth, though often, on poor 

 soils, considerably smaller. Bark at first smooth, silvery grey, and shining, becoming 



1 The wood of this pine is indistinguishable from that of P. Tada. Cf. Fernow and Roth, in U.S. Forestry Bulletin 

 No. 13, pp. 13, 14 (1897). 



2 Cf. Garden and Forest, x. 192, 209 (1907), and Roth, in U.S. Forestry Bulletin No. 13, p. in (1897), who 

 observed hundreds of acres along the railways in Texas and Arkansas, covered with bushy clusters of vigorous sprouts from 

 the pine stumps. In Bot. Gaz. xxviii. 69 (1899), P. echinata is said to produce root -suckers, but this seems to be erroneous. 



3 A tree at Bicton, of which we have specimens with stunted foliage, doubtfully referable to this species, died recently. 



4 This name is uncertain, and cannot be adopted ; moreover, it would be inconvenient to set aside halepensis, which 

 has been in use for over a century. Cf. Graebner, in Mitt. deut. dend. Ges., 1908, p. 68. 



