Pinus 1 107 



Cones lateral, usually in clusters of three or four, rarely seven or eight ; sub- 

 sessile, spreading or deflexed, oblique at the base by the greater development of the 

 scales on the upper side, light brown and shining, ovoid-conical, about 2\ in. long; 

 scales thin and tough, about 1 in. long and \ in. broad ; apophysis pyramidate 

 divided by a sharp transverse ridge into a narrow upper and a broad lower part, 

 umbo produced into a long sharp-curved spine. Seed nearly triangular, \ in. long, 

 light brown ; wing f to 1 in. long ; cotyledons 7 or 8. 



This pine is readily distinguished from the other species with short leaves in pairs, by 

 the stout sharp-pointed rigid leaves, and the shining reddish brown branchlets, which, 

 when vigorous, develop buds, branchlets, or young cones about their middle point. 



This species occurs in the Alleghany mountains, from Pennsylvania to North 

 Carolina and eastern Tennessee, ascending to 3000 ft., and growing mainly on dry 

 gravelly table-lands and slopes. To the northward it is local in its distribution, and 

 generally scattered among other trees, as Pinus echinata, P. rigida, and P. virginiana, 

 oaks and hickories ; but in the southern Alleghanies it forms nearly pure forests 

 of considerable extent. It is also found 1 in three isolated stations, distant from its 

 mountain home : in Virginia, between Fredericksburg and Washington city ; in 

 Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; and near Rosemount, in New Jersey. It is 

 hardy and thrives well when planted in the middle and eastern states, as far north 

 as New England ; but according to Sargent, has little to recommend it but its 

 large abundant cones, which often, after opening, remain persistent on the 

 branches for many years. The wood 2 is light, soft, brittle, and coarse-grained, and 

 is little used except for fuel and charcoal. 



This pine was introduced 3 into England in 1804, by Sir W. Strickland, 4 but has 

 never become common. The only trees which we have found, besides one or two 

 specimens of no great size in Kew Gardens, are two at Bayfordbury, planted in 185 1, 

 and now about 30 ft. high and a foot in diameter, which bear cones profusely ; a 

 tree at Bicton, 42 ft. by 3 ft. 7 in.; and another at Grayswood, Haslemere, 35 ft. 

 by 2 ft. 7 in. There is also one about 30 ft. high at Menabilly. (A. H.) 



PINUS VIRGINIANA, Jersey Pine, Scrub Pine 



Pinus virginiana, Miller, Diet. Ed. 8, No. 9 (1768) ; Sargent, Silva N. America, xi. 123, t. 581 (1897), 

 and Trees N. America, 30 (1905); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxv. 623 (1904). 



Pinus inops, Solander, in Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367 (1789) ; Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2192 

 (1838); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conifertz, 333 (1900); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 25 (1909). 



Pinus Poykana, 5 Jamieson, ex Lindley in Journ. Hort. Soc. ix. 52 cum icone (1855). 



A tree, attaining 40 ft. in height, with a short trunk rarely more 

 than 5 ft. in girth. Bark J to \ in. thick, broken by shallow fissures into scaly 



1 Cf. T. C. Porter, in Garden and Forest, 1893, p. 204. 



2 Hough, Trees U. States and Canada, 19 (1907). 3 Aiton, Hort. Kew. v. 314(1813). 



4 The late Sir C. Strickland informed us that he remembered the tree at Boynton, 10 or 12 ft. high, and bearing prickly 

 cones, which never produced good seed, and died many years ago. 



6 The specimen described under this name, was a tree 30 ft. high, cultivated in the Residency Garden at Kathmandoo, 

 India. According to Gordon, quoted by Lindley, in Gard. Chron., 1855, p. 612, this is P. inops (P. virginiana), with which 

 the figure of the cone and leaves agrees. Seeds were sent to the Horticultural Society from India, and only a few germinated. 



