1108 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



plates. Young branchlets slender, tough, flexible, glabrous, glaucous, violet in 

 colour. Buds about f in. long, cylindrical, pointed, coated with resin. 



Leaves in pairs, deciduous 1 in the third and fourth year, slightly spreading, i 

 to 3 in. long, curved, slightly twisted, serrulate, sharp-pointed, marked by numerous 

 stomatic lines on both surfaces ; resin-canals median ; basal sheath ^ in. long. 



Cones lateral, spreading, solitary or in pairs, shortly stalked, ripening and 

 opening the scales in the autumn of the second year, ovoid-conic, 2 to 2\ in. long, 

 reddish brown, prickly ; scales, in. long, | to \ in. broad, thin, nearly flat, oblong- 

 cuneate ; apophysis rhomboidal, elevated, crenate in the upper margin, with a sharp 

 transverse ridge, and a convex umbo, tipped by a slender spreading prickle. Seed 

 nearly oval, pale brown, \ in. long ; wing \ in. long ; cotyledons 4 to 6. 



This species is readily distinguishable from the other species with short leaves 

 in pairs, by the glaucous violet branchlets, which, when vigorous, develop about their 

 middle either buds or young cones. 



P. virginiana 2 occurs from New York and Long Island, southward, generally 

 near the sea-coast to the Savannah river in Georgia, usually growing on sandy soil, 

 never in great abundance, and often spreading over lands gone out of cultivation, 

 branching in habit and of small size. It extends inland to north-eastern Alabama, 

 central Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Indiana, in the latter state sometimes 

 attaining 8 on low hills as much as 100 ft. in height and 10 ft. in girth. It is of little 

 economic value in any part of its range, the wood 4 being brittle and soft with abundant 

 sap wood, and mostly used for firewood. It is often planted as a shade tree. 



This species was introduced into England before 1739, when Philip Miller had 

 it in cultivation at Chelsea ; but, having neither useful nor ornamental qualities to 

 recommend it, it has remained very scarce in cultivation. The trees mentioned by 

 Loudon as existing in 1838 at Pains Hill, Dropmore, White Knights, 5 and Syon, have 

 died or disappeared ; indicating that this species is usually short-lived in England. 



The largest specimen known to us is at Bayfordbury. Planted in 1842, it is 

 now 47 ft. high, with a short butt, dividing at 2 ft. from the ground into four stems, 

 the largest of which is 4 ft. in girth, with wide-spreading branches and sparse foliage. 

 It bears cones freely. A tree probably planted in 1845 in the Queen's Cottage 

 grounds at Kew is about 20 ft. high with a trunk 1 ft. in diameter, and dividing at 

 3 ft. up into two wide-spreading limbs. There are smaller specimens at Kew on 

 the mound near the Lily House. (A. H.) 



1 Galloway, in Bot. Gaz. xxii. 437 (1896), states that in young trees the needles fall in the second year, whereas on old 

 trees, growing on good soil, they persist for three to five years. 



2 Pinus clausa, Sargent, Forest Trees, 199 (1884), a closely allied species, growing on the coasts of Florida and Alabama, 

 differs mainly in the ashy grey, usually clustered and reflexed cones, which remain closed on the tree for several years, before 

 opening their scales to let out the seeds. This species is not introduced, and probably would not be hardy in our climate. 



3 Galloway, who, in Bot. Gaz. xxii. 433 (1896), gives an account of the ravages on this pine of a fungus, Cohosporium 

 Pmi, says that it attains 100 ft. high and 2\ ft. in diameter, and is the most common species around Washington, D.G, 

 many of the abandoned fields being covered with trees 10 to 15 ft. in height. 



4 Hough, Trees of U. States and Canada, 17 (1907). 



6 A tree at White Knights, supposed to be this species, is P. montatia ; and a tree long labelled P. inops at Kew, and 

 referred to by John Smith, in Records of Kew Gardens, 286 ( 1 88o), has been recognised for several years to be P. montana. 

 The species cultivated on the sand-dunes of east Prussia and Denmark, sometimes known as P. inops, is also P. montana. 

 Cf. Mayr, Fremdldnd. Wold- u. Parkbaume, 357 (1906). 



