Pinus 1 1 19 



paper on the conversion of home-grown timber, 1 that British timber is further handi- 

 capped by the railway companies' practice of giving lower rates for carriage of pit 

 props to the collieries from these landing ports, than they do for English timber over 

 the same lines of railway from inland stations. He calculates that this preferential 

 rate may mean a disadvantage of ^"12 : 10s. per acre as compared with foreign timber. 

 Mr. Anderson tells me that in consequence, as he believes, of these disadvantages, he 

 has seen no home-grown pit props or English timber in the Derbyshire collieries ; and 

 on more than one occasion when I have tried to sell timber to coal owners in that 

 district, I have found that Norwegian timber from the north-east ports was delivered 

 at a price which, after paying haulage and railway charges over about the same 

 distance, would make it impossible for me to grow such wood profitably. 



(H. J. E.) 



PINUS PINEA, Stone Pine 



Pinus Pinea, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1000 (1753) ; Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2224 (1838); Schouw, 

 in Ann. Sci. Nat. iii. 236 (1845), nnA Journ. Hort. Soc. iii. 120, 130 (1848); Willkomm et 

 Lange, Prod. Fl. Hispanica, i. 20 (1861); Laguna, Ft. Forestal Espafwla, 49 (1883); Boissier, 

 Fl. Orientalis, v. 694 (1884); Fliche, Assoc. Franc. Avance. Sciences, Nancy (1886); Willkomm, 

 Forstliche Flora, 240 (1887); Mathieu, Flore Forestiere, 620 (1897); Kent, Veitch's Man. 

 Coniferce, 360 (1900); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Pot.) xxxv. 613 (1904); Clinton-Baker, 

 Illust. Conif. i. 44 (1909). 



Pinus fas tuosa, Salisbury, Prod. 398 (1796). 



Pinus maderiensis, 2 Tenore, Ind. Sent. Hort. Neap, in Ann. Nat. Sci. 379 (1854). 



A tree, attaining 100 ft. or more in height, with a trunk rarely 20 ft. in girth, and 

 a broad rounded head of ascending branches and very dense foliage. Bark at first 

 smooth and brown, ultimately deeply furrowed and scaly. Young branchlets glabrous, 

 yellowish green, with raised keeled imbricated pulvini, terminating in lanceolate 

 fringed reflexed scale-leaves, which persist during the first year. Buds to \ in. 

 long, ovoid, pointed ; scales brown, matted together by the long white fimbriae on 

 their margins, free and reflexed at their apices. 



Leaves in pairs, 3 persistent two years, densely crowded on the branchlets, 

 spreading, 4 to 5 in. long, curved, serrulate, sharp-pointed, marked with about twelve 

 stomatic lines on the outer and six on the inner surface ; resin-canals marginal, 

 numerous ; basal sheath whitish, ^ in. long. 



Cones sub-terminal, solitary or two or three together, on stout stalks, which are 

 clothed with scale-leaves and ^ in. to f in. long ; erect, ovoid or nearly globular, 4 

 to 6 in. long, and 4 in. broad, symmetrical, shining and light brown ; scales 1^ in. 

 or more in length, f in. wide, hollowed at the base for the seeds ; apophysis much 

 thickened, pyramidate, four to five angled, and marked with four or five radial linear 

 ridges ; umbo rhomboidal, J in. wide, dark coloured, showing in its centre an inner 

 umbo, which is often tipped with a triangular reflexed process. Seeds 4 numerous, 



1 Journ. Roy. Agr. Soc. England, lxiv. 50 (1903). 2 Cf. Gard. Chron., 1855, p. 334. 



3 On well-developed vigorous branches, a few of the leaves are sometimes in clusters of threes. 



4 Seeds kept in the cones apparently retain their germinating power indefinitely, an instance being recorded in Gard. 

 Chron. , 1856, p. 39, where seedlings were raised from cones said to be forty years old. 



