Pinus 1 141 



The tree extends southwards through Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, 1 

 New Hampshire, and Vermont, becoming very rare and local in Massachusetts, and 

 reaching its most southern limit in the mountains of Chester County, Pennsylvania. 

 In New Hampshire 2 it occurs mainly in the low sandy country in the Saco river 

 basin, where it either grows pure or in mixture with P. Strobus. In the Pisgah forest, 

 near Hinsdale, in this state, I saw in 1906 a few trees growing on rocky ridges, 

 one of which measured 94 ft. by 7^ ft. 



It extends westwards, through north-eastern Ohio, north of Cleveland ; and in 

 central Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and north-eastern Minnesota, attains its 

 greatest abundance and largest size. In northern Wisconsin, 3 it grows mixed with 

 P. Strobus on loamy sands ; and either pure or mixed with P. Banksiana, occupies 

 the poorer lands, which are known as pine barrens. It is occasionally met with on 

 clay soils on the slopes along Lake Superior. It grows rapidly when young, about 

 as fast as P. Strobus up to the age of 100 years; but afterwards increases very 

 slowly in diameter. In the Cass Lake Forest Reserve in Minnesota, it occurs in 

 similar situations, and is the timber chiefly valued for beams, that of P. Strobus 

 being almost entirely used for indoor finish. P. resinosa, in pure stands in this state, 

 has very straight stems, free of branches to a great height. Tables that I obtained 

 in Washington show that in Itasca County, Minnesota, and in Bayfield County, 

 Wisconsin, trees occur 1 20 ft. in height and 30 in. in diameter ; and at 200 years old, 

 they average 26 in. in diameter. 



This species is very intolerant of shade at all ages ; and in America, 4 where it 

 is occasionally planted, is either used pure, or in mixture with P. Strobus. Measure- 

 ments made of plantations near Lake Winnepesaukee in New Hampshire, show that 

 at twenty-seven years old the red pine averages 35 ft. high, and is taller than white 

 pine of the same age. (A. H.) 



Bailey and Jack in a paper "In the Woods of New Brunswick," 5 say of this pine 

 that lumbermen recognise two varieties, which they call " Sapling" and " Old Red 

 Pine." The former has an inferior timber, which, however, was largely used in 

 Maine for hogshead heading. The latter, nearly extinct in 1887, sometimes 

 attained a height of 90 ft., and a diameter of 3 ft., clean to 40 or 50 ft. up. 

 The wood is strong and durable, resembling that of pitch pine, but with less resin, 

 and was formerly largely employed for the decking of vessels and for beams, having 

 a fine compact grain with few knots. It grew best on dry and sandy soil, in the 

 granite boulder country fifty miles north of St. Andrews, and also on the Tobique 

 river, where in some places the trees were so thick that there was hardly room to 

 turn a sled between the stumps. 



In Canadian Forestry Journal, 1905, p. 172, two illustrations are given of a 

 remarkable instance of a tree of this species, from which a ring of bark 1 ft. wide 

 was removed all round the tree nine years previously. The tree was still alive, 



1 It is common in Maine, generally on dry ridges, but in Greenbush and Passadumkeag grows abundantly on peat bog 

 with black spruce. Dame and Brooks, Trees of New England, 10 (1902). 



2 Chittenden, Forest Conditions of New Hampshire, U.S. Forestry Bulletin No. 55, p. 54 (1905). 



3 Roth, in Wisconsin Geol. Survey Bull. No. I, Forestry Conditions of Northern Wisconsin, 20, 67 (1898). 



4 U.S. Forest Service Circ. 60 (1907). 

 6 Trans. Scot. Arb. Soc. xi. 11 (1887). 



