1 190 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



roofing temples and palaces. This bark is stripped from living trees, and as I was 

 informed by a forester at Koyasan, this can be done about once in ten years 

 without injuring the tree. It was worth 2s. to 4s. per tree. It is used for roofing 

 in strips of about a foot long by 3 to 6 in. wide, which are laid together in packets 

 of eight or ten strips, and put on the roof to the thickness of about a foot, the eaves 

 and ridge being protected with wood or bamboo work. Such a roof will last for 

 about fifty years even in this damp hot climate. (H. J. E.) 



CUPRESSUS PISIFERA, Sawara Cypress 



Cupressus pisi/era, Koch, Dendrologte, ii. pt. ii. p. 170 (1873); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bo/.) 



xxxi. 355 (1896); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 224 (1900). 

 Chamacyparis pisi/era, Siebold et Zuccarini, ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 64 (1847); Mayr, Fretndl. 



Wald-u. Parkbduine, 276 (1906). 

 Retinispora pisi/era, Siebold et Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 39, t. 122 (1844); Syme, in Gard. Chron. v. 



235 (1876). 

 Thuya pisi/era, Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xviii. 489 (1881). 



A tree similar to C. obtusa in dimensions, bark, branches, and branchlets. 

 Ultimate branchlets flattened, fa to fa in. wide. Leaves appressed, but with their 

 mucronate tips free and slightly spreading ; lateral pair conduplicate, acute ; facial 

 pair slightly smaller, fa in. long, ovate-acuminate, flattened, often ridged, obscurely 

 glandular. The foliage is shining green above, while below it is marked with con- 

 spicuous white patches in hollows, two on the bases of the lateral leaves towards the 

 middle line, and two on the base of each ventral leaf. Leaves on the main axes 

 equal in four ranks, oblong, \ to \ in. long, with spreading triangular acuminate points. 



Staminate flowers yellowish, with eight or ten pairs of stamens. Cones on the 

 ends of short scaly branchlets, ripening in the autumn of the first year, and falling in 

 the second year, globose, \ in. in diameter, dark brown ; scales usually ten, with the 

 outer surface wrinkled, deeply depressed in the centre, from which arises a very 

 minute process. Seeds, one or two on each scale, brown, ovate, with large prominent 

 resin-vesicles, fa in. long and \ in. wide, inclusive of their broad lateral wings, when 

 these are well developed. Seedling with two cotyledons, similar to that of C. 

 Lawsoniana. 



Varieties 



This species has been cultivated for centuries in Japan, and has given rise to 

 many varieties. 



1. Var. squarrosa, Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xxxi. 356 (1896). 



Retinispora squarrosa, Siebold et Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 40, t. 123 (1844); Kent, Veitch's Man. 



Conif. 249, fig. 59 (1881). 

 Chamacyparis squarrosa, Siebold et Zuccarini, ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 65 (1847). 

 Cupressus squarrosa, Lawson, ex Gordon, Pinetum, 296 (1858). 

 Thuya pisi/era, Masters, var. squarrosa, Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 490 (1881). 



This variety, which retains indefinitely the juvenile form of foliage, occurring on 

 seedlings in their first three or four months, is a low tree or large dense shrub, with 



