1 2i 2 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



It extends from southern Maine to northern Florida, and westward to Pearl River, 

 Mississippi, forming pure forests in the north, and mingling with deciduous cypress 

 and other moisture-loving species in the south. It is confined in Maine to the 

 southern part of York County, and in New Hampshire to Rockingham County. It 

 is common in south-eastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, and is occasionally 

 seen in Connecticut on wet peat mosses. 1 Harper 2 describes the cedar swamp along 

 Baldwin Creek on Long Island, where there are thousands of trees 30 to 40 ft. high 

 and 3 to 10 in. in diameter. He says it is one of the very few trees in the north 

 that are indigenous both in the glaciated region, and on the coastal plain. In the 

 south, Harper states that it has a very erratic and local distribution, being entirely 

 absent from Georgia, and confined strictly to near the sea-coast. He found it 

 abundant for a few miles in Moore County, North Carolina, between Aberdeen 

 and Keyser, where it grew in non-alluvial swamps between the sand-hills. It also 

 grows in some parts of New Jersey and Maryland, and in the great Dismal Swamp 

 of Virginia. Mayr s found the average size of trees growing on white sandy soil in 

 Alabama to be 86 ft. in height and 2 ft. in diameter; in New York it attains 19 in. 

 in diameter at 128 years old. Plate 311 is from a photograph taken in North 

 Carolina, for which we are indebted to the U.S. Forestry Bureau. (A. H.) 



Cultivation 



The white cedar was introduced 4 into England by Peter Collinson in 1736; 

 but it has never flourished except in rare cases, and its cultivation has been entirely 

 neglected for the last fifty or sixty years. 



Though Loudon states that in his time there was a magnificent specimen at 

 Pains Hill 50 ft. high and 2 ft. in diameter, and another in the Duke of Devon- 

 shire's grounds at Chiswick, we can now find no trace of these. 



The only good specimens which we have seen in cultivation are : At Woburn 

 Abbey, where by a walk leading to the estate office, I found in 1908 the finest 

 tree of the species known in England, growing in rather damp soil, and measuring 

 46 ft. by 4^ ft. The next best are two at Arley Castle, which measured 44 ft. by 

 2 ft. 7 in., and 35 ft. by 2 ft. 9 in., in 1907. Another grows in rather heavy land at 

 Strathfieldsaye, and measured in 1907, when it was bearing fruit, 38 ft. by 3 ft. 10 in. 



A specimen at Pencarrow was 27 ft. by 3 ft. in 1909. There are others at 

 Bayfordbury and High Canons in Herts, and at Kew. The glaucous form is 

 flourishing at Little and Ballantyne's nursery, Carlisle, where it is reported that this 

 species is perfectly hardy. It ripened seed as far north as Biel in 1825. 6 



We are informed by Mr. F. R. Twemlow that at Peatswood, Market Drayton, 



1 Dame and Brooks, Trees of New England, 25 (1902). 



2 In Torreya, iii. 122 (1903), vii. 199 (1907), and in Rhodora, vii. 71 (1905). 



3 Waldungen Nord-Amer. 193 (1890). 



4 Ait nn, Hort. Kew. iii. 372(1 789). The following note, written by Peter Collinson, probably refers to this tree : "Juniper, 

 a new species, raised from Peter Kalm's seeds that he gave me, which he collected in a journey from Philadelphia to Quebec, 

 and so to the Falls of Niagara and back to Pennsylvania. It has fine silver leaves." Cf. Dillwyn, Hortus Collinsonianus, 

 16 (1843)- b Ceded. Hort. Soc. iii. 412 (1825)- 



