1236 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



There are several good specimens in Kew Gardens, the largest being a tree 

 near the main entrance, which measured, in 1909, 49 ft. by 4 ft. 5 in. This tree 

 belonged to the old arboretum, and must be older than 1841. 



At Beauport, Sussex, a tree, seen by Henry in 1904, measured nearly 50 ft. in 

 height by 3 ft. 11 in. in girth. Another at Lyndon Hall (Plate 312) is 56 ft. by 4^ ft. 

 There is also a smaller tree on the lawn at Tortworth. (H. J. E.) 



QUERCUS MARYLANDICA, Black Jack 



Quercus marylandica, Muenchhausen, Hausvater, v. 253 (1770); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. viii. 161, 

 t. 426 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 245 (1905); Britten, in Journ. Bot. xlvii. 351 (1909). 



Quercus nigra, var. /?, Linnaeus, Sp. PL 996 (1753). 



Quercus nigra, Wangenheim, Beschreib, nordam. Holzart. 133 (1781); Walter, Fl. Carol. 234 

 (1788); Michaux, Hist. Chines Am. No. 12, tt. 22, 23 (1801); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 

 1890 (1838) (not Linnaeus). 



Quercus nigra latifolia, Lamarck, Encyc. i. 721 (1783). 



Quercus ferruginea, Michaux f., Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 92, L 18 (18 12). 



A tree, attaining in America 50 ft. in height and 5 ft. in girth, but usually con- 

 siderably smaller. Bark about an inch thick, divided into dark brown or nearly 

 black, scaly, square plates. Young branchlets at first covered with a short stellate 

 pubescence, gradually disappearing in the course of the summer ; branchlets of the 

 second year glabrous. Buds ovoid, \ in. long, covered with rusty brown pubes- 

 cence. Leaves (Plate 334, Fig. 11) deciduous, averaging 5 to 7 in. in length and 

 breadth, thick and coriaceous, very variable in shape, obovate, with a narrow 

 rounded base, (a) with the apex broad, rounded, and indistinctly three-lobed or entire, 

 with or without bristles, or (6) with the upper part of the leaf divided into three 

 large oblong lobes, each with one to three bristle-pointed teeth ; upper surface dark 

 shining green, with quickly deciduous scattered minute stellate hairs ; lower surface 

 often brownish, with numerous stellate hairs in dense tufts in the axils and along 

 the midrib and lateral nerves ; petiole stout, ^ in. long, covered with short stellate 

 hairs. 



Fruit ripening in the second year, solitary or in pairs, shortly stalked ; acorn 

 sub-globose, f in. long, with the shell lined with dense yellowish tomentum, enclosed 

 for ^ to nearly f its length, in a thick turbinate cupule, covered by loosely imbricated 

 tomentose scales. 



This species usually grows on dry sandy barren land, though occasionally it is 

 seen in the south-west on heavy clay soil ; and is widely distributed in the United 

 States, from Long Island, New York, southward to Tampa Bay, Florida, and west- 

 wards to south-eastern Nebraska, central Kansas, Indian Territory, and the valley 

 of the Nueces river, Texas. Rare or local and poorly developed in the northern 

 part of its range, it is abundant southward, often forming west of the Mississippi, a 

 great part of the forest growth on sterile soils, and attaining its largest size in 

 southern Arkansas and eastern Texas. (A. H.) 



