Quercus I2 37 



This tree, though introduced, according to Loudon, sometime before 1739, is 

 rare in cultivation, and is usually short-lived in our climate. It scarcely attains 

 the dimensions of a forest tree, but is worth a place in collections, on account of 

 the large and curiously shaped leaves, which turn a brownish colour in autumn. 

 It seldom has a healthy appearance, owing to the failure of the wood to ripen in 

 autumn, and should be planted on a dry sandy soil in a warm and sheltered 

 situation. 



The largest tree we have seen is one at Lyndon Hall, Rutland, 40 ft. by 4^ ft. 

 in 1908. There are younger trees at Tortworth, Bicton, Aldenham, and Kew. 



(H. J. E.) 



QUERCUS CUNEATA, Spanish Oak 



Quercus cuneata, Wangenheim, Nordam. Holzart. 78, t. 5, f. 14 (1787); Sargent, in Bot. Gaz. xliv. 



226 (1907). 

 Quercus rubra, var. hispanica, Castiglioni, Viag. Stati Uniti, ii. 347 (1790). 

 Quercus falcata, Michaux, Hist. Chines Am. No. 16, t. 28 (1801) ; Loudon, Art. et Frut. Brit. iii. 



1882 (1838). 

 Quercus triloba, Michaux, Hist. Chines Am. No. 14, t. 26 (1801). 

 Quercus elongata, Willdenow, in Neue Schrift. Gesell. Natfr. Berlin, iii. 400 (1801). 

 Quercus discolor, Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 163 (1842) (not Aiton). 

 Quercus nigra digitata, Marshall, Arb. Am. 121 (1785). 

 Quercus digitata, Sudworth, in Garden and Forest, v. 98 (1892); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. viii. 147, 



tt. 420, 421 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 242 (1905). 



A tree, attaining in America 80 ft. in height and 9 ft. in girth. Bark 

 divided by shallow fissures into broad scaly ridges. Young branchlets covered 

 with a dense short stellate pubescence. Buds ovoid, \ to \ in. long, with 

 ciliate scales. Leaves (Plate 334, Fig. 14) deciduous in autumn, about 5 to 

 7 in. long and 3 to 4 in. wide, variable in shape ; either (a) cuneate at the base, and 

 divided into three large bristle-pointed lobes above, the terminal lobe longest and 

 oblong, the lateral lobes shorter and ovate, each lobe entire or with one or two 

 teeth ; or (6) rounded or cuneate at the base, oblong-obovate, pinnately divided into 

 five or seven entire or dentate, ovate, bristle-pointed lobes ; upper surface dark 

 green, shining, glabrescent ; lower surface densely covered with dull grey minute 

 stellate tomentum ; petiole f to 1 in. long, tomentose. 



Fruit ' ripening in the second year, sessile or shortly stalked ; acorn sub-globose 

 or ellipsoid, about \ in. long, enclosed in a saucer-shaped or a deep turbinate cupule, 

 covered with thin obtuse closely appressed scales. 



This oak, 2 which was named Spanish oak by the early settlers from a fancied 



1 The small trees in England have not produced fruit. This species ripens its fruit at Geneste, near Bordeaux, 



2 Q- pagodafolia, Ashe, in Bot. Gaz. xxiv. 375 (1897) ; Sargent, SilvaN. Amer. xiv. 51, t. 722 (1902), and Trees N. Amer. 

 244 (1905), was formerly considered to be a variety of Q. cuneata, from which it differs in the bark and in the shape of the leaves 

 (see Plate 334, Fig. 12), which are always silvery white beneath. Specimens were gathered by Elwesin 1904 at Mt. Carmel, 

 Illinois ; but the tree has not yet been introduced. It has much the same distribution as Q. cuneata, but is always found in 

 rich land along rivers liable to floods, whereas Q. cuneata is confined to the dry uplands. It is very abundant in the river 

 swamps of the Yazoo basin, Mississippi, and of eastern Arkansas. 



This is the form mentioned by Kidgway as a rare tree in the bottoms of the White River, where he measured a specimen 

 14 ft. in girth and estimated at 130 ft. high. It is unlikely to succeed in Great Britain. 



