1240 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



coast and of the Gulf states, extending westward to eastern Texas, Indian 

 Territory, eastern Kansas, south-eastern Nebraska, Iowa, and central Minnesota. 

 It forms a large part of the forest growth on the foothills of the southern 

 Alleghany mountains, and is abundant in all parts of the Mississippi basin, 

 attaining its largest size in the valley of the lower Ohio river. (A. H.) 



Remarkable Trees 



This species was introduced, according to Loudon, in 1800; but is much 

 less commonly seen than Q. rubra ; and though it appears to grow well in southern 

 England, it rarely ripens its acorns. 



The finest tree which we know of is growing at Bayfordbury (Plate 313), 

 where it was planted in 1841 under the name Q. rubra macrophylla. It was 

 80 ft. high by 6 ft. 10 in. in girth in 1905. 



At Arley Castle there are two fine trees, 1 planted probably about 1820, 

 one of which measured in 1903, 80 ft. by 7 ft. 2 in.; the other, in the 

 following year, was 70 ft. by 6 ft. 6 in. 



At Beauport, a tree growing in a rather crowded position, and apparently 

 decaying at the top, is from 60 to 65 ft. in height, and 7 ft. 3 in. in girth. At 

 Lyndon Hall, Rutland, the seat of E. W. P. Conant, Esq., there are two trees, 

 the larger nearly 50 ft. high and 5 ft. 3 in. in girth. At Henham Hall, Suffolk, the 

 seat of the Earl of Stradbroke, there is a tree, measuring in 1909, 53 ft. by 5^ ft. 

 There are also specimens at Syon, Kew, and Tortworth, where it was found 

 labelled Q. nigra ; and at Liphook, Westonbirt, and Orton Hall. 



In the south - west it seems to grow well, as there are healthy trees at 

 Killerton, about 50 ft. by 5 ft. in 1906, and a smaller one at Bicton. At Pixton 

 Park there is a fine tree in the park by the Dulverton Drive, which in 1909 

 was about 60 ft. by 5 ft. 4 in. 



In Scotland, the only tree we know of is one at Castle Kennedy, which 

 Henry found in 1906, bearing the name of Q. macrocarpa. 



Timber and Bark 



Its timber is said by Michaux to be the best of the oaks of this section, 

 but is not distinguished in commerce, and judging from the examples in Hough's 

 work, is very similar in appearance to that of Q. rubra. It is largely used for 

 staves and furniture. 



The bark is extensively used for tanning, and gives a valuable yellow dye 

 known as quercitron, which, according to Loudon, is equal to weld 2 in the 

 brilliancy of the yellow which it gives, and was at that time largely imported 

 in England. According to Bentley and Trimen, it is used in Europe for dyeing 

 silk and wool. (H. J. E.) 



1 Cf. R. Woodward, Jun., Hortus Arleyensis, II, 46 (1907). 

 1 Loudon says " woad," evidently a mistake for " weld," Reseda Lutcola, which yields a yellow dye, much used formerly. 



