Quercus 1 24 1 



QUERCUS KELLOGGII, Californian Black Oak 



Quercus Kelloggii, Newberry, in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi. 28, f. 6 (1857); Sargent, in Pot. Gaz. xliv. 



226 (1907). 

 Quercus tinctoria, Michaux, var. californica, Torrey, in Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. part i. 138 (1856). 

 Quercus rubra, Bentham, PL Hartweg. 337 (1857) (not Linnaeus). 

 Quercus californica, Cooper, in Smithsonian Report, 1858, p. 261 (1859); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 



viii. 141, t. 416 (1895), and Trees IV. Amer. 239 (1905). 

 Quercus sonomensis, A. de Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 62 (1864). 



A tree, occasionally attaining 100 ft. in height and 12 ft. in girth, frequently- 

 smaller, and at high elevations becoming a shrub. Bark of young trees smooth ; 

 on old trunks divided into thick irregular oblong scaly plates. Young branchlets 

 quickly becoming glabrous. Buds ovoid, pointed, \ in. long, pubescent at the tip ; 

 scales pale brown, with dark brown ciliate margins. Leaves (Plate 333, Fig. 2) 

 deciduous in autumn, turning yellow or brown before falling, 3 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4 

 in. broad, oblong or obovate, with usually seven (rarely five or nine) oblong lobes 

 with bristle-pointed teeth ; sinuses usually deep, narrow, and rounded at the base ; 

 upper surface shining, glabrous, dark green ; lower surface paler, with scattered 

 minute stellate pubescence, and without axil-tufts ; petiole about 1 in. long, quickly 

 becoming glabrous. 



Fruit, ripening in the second year, solitary or clustered on short stout stalks ; 

 acorn ovoid, about an inch long, pubescent ; enclosed for about half its length in a 

 deep cupule, covered by thin ovate-lanceolate slightly pubescent scales, which in the 

 lower ranks are closely appressed and swollen on the back, and towards the rim of 

 the cupule are loosely imbricated with thin erose margins. 



Q. Morehus, Kellogg, in Proc. Calif. Acad. ii. 36 (1863) ; Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 

 viii. 120, t. 407 (1895); a small tree with subevergreen foliage, occurring in a few 

 localities in California, is believed to be a hybrid between Q. Kelloggii and the 

 evergreen Q. Wislizeni. 



Q. Kelloggii is a native of Oregon and California, where it ranges from the 

 basin of the Mackenzie river in western Oregon southwards through the coast 

 ranges and along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino, 

 San Jacinto and Cuyamaca mountains, attaining towards the south 7000 to 8000 ft. 

 altitude. It is mainly found in valleys and on mountain slopes, and is rare in the 

 immediate vicinity of the ocean. 



I saw this species in 1906, at about 3000 ft. elevation, on the dry hills of 



the Siskiyou range, where it is associated with Q. Garryana, one of the 



Californian white oaks. Both species attained about 70 ft. in height with 



short trunks up to 4 ft. in diameter, dividing into wide-spreading branching limbs. 



The bark of Q. Kelloggii is rather dark in colour, contrasting strongly with the 



remarkably white bark of the other species. Mr. F. R. S. Balfour, who visited the 



same district, saw larger trees in the valley of the Illinois river, Oregon, and in the 

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