1270 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



kitchen garden at Milford House, dated September 1859, and a note to the effect 

 that it was introduced by P. Barker Webb. I visited this place in 1909, but could 

 find no trace of this tree, though a small stunted tree exists in another part of the 

 grounds. 



At Abbotsbury there is a tree measuring 45 to 50 ft. high by 4 ft. 4 in. in girth, 

 which in 1908 produced half-matured acorns. At Devonshurst, Chiswick, Henry 

 found a branching tree of no great height, but 4 ft. 3 in. in girth. 



At Hardwick, near Bury St. Edmunds, I found a small tree about 30 ft. by 4 ft. 



At Tortworth a tree is growing on the lawn below the house, which was planted 

 about 1846 by the late Lord Ducie and transplanted when about 10 ft. high to its 

 present situation. It is now about 40 ft. high and produces abortive acorns almost 

 every year, but once produced a ripe acorn which was sent to Kew. At Blenheim, 

 Mr. A. B. Jackson measured a tree 37 ft. by 3 ft. 6 in. dividing into two stems at 

 about 5 ft. from the ground. 



Sir C. T. D. Acland has raised plants at Holnicote, which now vary from 1^ to 

 5 ft. high, from acorns gathered at Patras which were sown in 1899. 



At Lyndon Hall, Rutland, there is a fine healthy tree, 30 ft. by 5 ft. in 1909 

 (Plate 322). 



At Syon a tree was reported by Loudon in 1838 to be 22 ft. high and 3 ft. in 

 girth ; the only others in England known to him were at Llanbedr Hall, near 

 Ruthin, and at Finborough Hall, Suffolk ; all of these seem to have disappeared. 



Loudon mentions 1 a tree at Oriel Temple, in Ireland, 55 ft. high in 1838; but 

 I could find no trace of it in 1908. 



In France it is hardy at Les Barres, where a specimen 2 33 ft. high and 5 ft. in 

 girth rarely produces fertile acorns. 



The Valonia oak was introduced 8 into Algeria about i860 by M. Hardy, but 

 though trees are to be found there about forty years old and flourishing, no 

 plantations on a commercial scale appear to have been made. The credit of the 

 introduction 4 of this tree into Australia is due to Mr. George Cunnack, tanner at 

 Castlemaine, Victoria, who imported from Smyrna in 1879 two Wardian cases, one 

 containing rooted young plants and the other acorns covered with earth. They both 

 arrived in good condition, the acorns having sprouted during the voyage, and pro- 

 duced some hundreds of plants. 



Valonia, Manna 



Valonia 5 is the name for the cups of the acorns of Q. sEgilops, which for many 

 years have been imported from the Levant for tanning. 



According to Loudon who quotes M'Culloch, in 1831-32 the import amounted 



1 Arb. et Frut. Brit. i. 109 (1838). 



a Figured by Pard6, Arb. Nat. des Barres, 293, t. 29 (1906). The specimen which we have of a tree called Q. macro- 

 lepis at Les Barres agrees well with Q. Pyrami. Albert et Jahandiez, Plant. Vase, du Var, 447, note I (1908), state that 

 Q. sEgilops is cultivated in the department of Var, and is occasionally found in woods there in a semi-wild state. 



8 Trabut, Le Chine Vilani, issued as Bull. 27 by the Agricultural Department of Algeria in April 1901. 



4 Maiden, The Valonia Oak, New South Wales, Dept. Agric. Misc. Public. No. 313 (1899). 



6 Sir W. Thiselton Dyer tells us that valonia takes its name from Avlona or Valona, a port in Albania, whence it is 

 exported. 



