Quercus I 37 



specimens in 1873 from Simon-Louis's nursery at Metz. It is rare in cultivation, 1 

 the only specimens which we have seen being a tree at Tortworth, about 20 ft. 

 high, and another at Kew, about 30 ft. The latter is a narrow pyramidal fast- 

 growing tree, the date of planting of which is unknown. (A. H.) 



QUERCUS BICOLOR, Swamp White Oak 



Quercus bicolor, Willdenow, in Neue Schrift. Gesell. Natfr. Berlin, iii. 396 (1801); Sargent, in 



Bot. Gaz. xliv. 226 (1907). 

 Quercus platanoides, Sudworth, Rep. Agric. U.S., 1892, p. 327 (1893); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. viii. 



63, tt. 380, 381 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 269 (1905). 

 Quercus Prinus, /3 platanoides, Lamarck, Diet. i. 720 (1783). 

 Quercus alba palustris, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 120 (1785). 

 Quercus Prinus, f3 tomentosa, Michaux, Hist. Chines Am. t. 9 (1801); Loudon, Arb. et Prut. Brit. 



iii. 1876 (1838). 

 Quercus Prinus discowr, Michaux f., Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 46, t. 6 (18 12). 

 Quercus Prinus, f3 bicolor, Spach, Hist. Vig. xi. 158 (1842). 



A tree, attaining in America occasionally 100 ft. in height and 25 ft. in girth, 

 usually much smaller. Bark of young trees separating into large membranous per- 

 sistent scales, curling back and exposing the inner bark ; on old trunks fissured into 

 broad flat scaly ridges. Young branchlets glabrous. Buds ovoid, obtuse, pubescent, 

 \ in. long. Leaves (Plate 336, Fig. 37) deciduous in autumn, 5 to 6 in. long, 2 to 

 4 in. broad, obovate, rounded or acute at the narrowed apex, cuneate at the base, 

 with six to eight pairs of rounded or acute small lobes ; nerves more numerous than 

 the lobes ; upper surface shining green, with quickly deciduous scattered hairs ; 

 lower surface pale, often silvery white, covered with a dense tomentum, velvety to 

 the touch ; petiole about \ in. long, slightly pubescent. 



Fruit ripening in the first year, usually in pairs, on pubescent stalks ; acorn 

 edible, ovoid, about an inch long, pubescent at the apex, enclosed for one-third its 

 length in a thick hemispherical cupule, covered with tomentose scales, those near the 

 base thickened with twisted tips, those near the margin thinner and often forming a 

 fringe-like rim. 



A hybrid 2 between this species and Q. alba was discovered in 1894 by 

 J. G. Jack at Chateaugay in Canada. 



Q. bicolor is a native of Canada and of the northern and central parts of the 

 United States, extending from the southern peninsula of Michigan, Ontario, south- 

 western Quebec and southern Maine, southwards to the District of Columbia 

 and northern Kentucky ; extending along the Alleghany mountains to northern 

 Georgia; and westwards to Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas. It usually grows in 

 small groves on the borders of streams and swamps, in moist fertile soil, but is 

 nowhere abundant, and attains its largest size in western New York and northern 

 Ohio. (A. H.) 



1 Sargent, in Silva N. Amer. viii. 25, states that Q. lobata, like the other Californian oaks, does not succeed beyond the 

 borders of its native state, and that attempts to establish it in eastern America and in Europe have not been successful. 



2 Q. Jackiana, Schneider, Laubhohkunde, i. 202 (1904). 



