1 M'Nab exhibited a branch of a tree, growing at Edinburgh, which retained its leaves fresh and green in January. This 

 was probably a young tree. Cf. Gard. Chron. v. 113 (1876). 2 Schneider, Laubhohkunde, i. 194 (1904). 



3 Fl. Forestal Ital. 167 (1880), and in Boll. R. Orto. Bot. Palermo, iv. 48 (1905). 





13 16 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



of this remarkable tree. A tree, 40 ft. by 2 \ ft., in the same year, is thriving at 

 Kilmacurragh in the same county. (H. J. E.) 



QUERCUS CONFERTA, Hungarian Oak 



Quercus conferta, Kitaibel, in Schultes, Ostr. Fl. i. 619 (18 14); Masters, in Gard. Chron. v. 85, fig. 



18 (1876). 

 Quercus fametto, Tenore, Cat. PI. Hort. Neap. 65 (18 19). 

 Quercus apennina, Loiseleur, in Nouv. Duham. vii. 177 (181 9) (not Lamarck). 

 Quercus hungarica, Hubeny, in Gemein. Piatt. Ofn. u. Pesth. Zeitschr. xx. 2, p. 754 (1830); 



Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 412 (1887); Hempel u. Wilhelm, Baume und Strducher, ii. 71, 



t. 24 (1889); Beck, Vegetationsverhdlt. illyrisck. Land. 210 (1901). 

 Quercus pannonica, Booth, ex Gordon, in Loudon, Gard. Mag. xvi. 637 (1840). 



A tree, attaining 100 ft. in height and 12 ft. in girth. Bark less deeply fissured 

 than that of Q. sessiliflora, broken on the surface into small square scaly plates. 

 Young branchlets with scattered hairs. Buds (Plate 78, Fig. 5) ovoid, obtuse, \ in. 

 long, with pubescent ciliate scales. Leaves (Plate 335, Fig. 26) deciduous 1 in 

 autumn, about 6 in. long and 4 in. broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, usually sub- 

 cordate at the base, with six to eight pairs of oblong, entire or sinuately-toothed 

 lobes, with sinuses extending about half way to the midrib ; margin ciliate ; upper 

 surface dull green, with a quickly deciduous scattered minute pubescence ; lower 

 surface greyish or pale green, covered with a thin stellate tomentum ; petiole \ to 

 \ in. long, pubescent. 



Fruit ripening in the first year, three or four clustered on a short stout 

 pubescent peduncle ; acorn \ to f in. long, rounded at the apex ; cupule hemi- 

 spherical, \ to f in. broad, with tomentose loosely appressed scales. 



This species is closely allied to Q. Toza ; but has thinner, not so densely tomen- 

 tose leaves, and almost glabrous branchlets. It is reported 2 to hybridize with 

 Q. sessiliflora, Q. pedunculated, and Q. lanuginosa. 



Distribution 



This oak is a native of south-eastern Europe, attaining its northern limit in the 

 southern provinces of the Hungarian kingdom, where it is widely spread through 

 Slavonia, Banat, and the adjoining districts to Transylvania. It extends southwards 

 through the Balkan States, Bulgaria, and northern Greece ; and is also found in 

 southern Italy. 



In Italy, according to Borzi, 8 Q. conferta is not found north of lat. 42 , but is 

 common, either pure in small woods, or mixed with Q. sessiliflora and Q. Cerris, in 

 the hills of southern Latium, in the Terra di Lavoro, and in the southern part of the 

 Abruzzi as far as the slopes of Mt. Gargano. Farther south it gradually becomes 

 rare and sporadic, and is not seen in the extreme south of Calabria. Its occurrence 

 in Sicily is doubtful, as it has not been found recently by Lojacano in the locality near 

 Taormina, where specimens were gathered by Di Leo and sent to Borzi in 1884. 







