Quercus 1 3 2 1 



24 ft. and 17 ft. high, which he raised from acorns collected in the Atlas mountains, 

 where the Kabyles grind the acorns and mix the flour with barley meal to make 

 cakes. He adds that the native name is Abelude rizan, which has been corrupted 

 by French authors into zden. (H. J. E.) 



QUERCUS PONTICA 



Quercus pontica, Koch, in Linncea, xxii. 319 (1849); De Candolle, Prod, xvi. 2, p. 49 (1864); 

 Dieck, in Gartenflora, xl. 509, fig. 95 (1891); Albow, Prod. Fl. Colch. 219 (1895); Schneider, 

 Laubholzkunde, i. 192, fig. 102 (1904). 



A shrub, attaining 10 to 13 ft. in height. Young branchlets stout, glabrous. 

 Leaves (Plate 339, Fig. 70) deciduous, elliptic, about 6 in. long and 3 in. broad, often 

 larger on young plants, coriaceous, cuspidate or shortly acuminate at the apex, 

 rounded at the base ; with 15 to 20 pairs of parallel lateral nerves, prominent 

 beneath, each ending in a large triangular incurved cartilaginous-tipped serration ; 

 upper surface dark shining green, glabrous ; lower surface glaucous, glabrous except 

 for a few scattered long hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves ; petiole stout, 

 swollen at the base, \ to \ in. long, glabrescent. 



Fruit not seen. Its affinities are probably with Q. Mirbeckii 



This species is readily distinguished by its remarkable buds, which are stout, 

 ovoid, pointed, about \ in. long ; scales glabrous, green, with a brown ciliated margin. 



This species was discovered by Koch in north-eastern Asia Minor, in the 

 mountains of Lazistan, near the source of the river Asperos, where, in company with 

 alder and beech, it forms a shrubby vegetation above the conifer region, from 

 5000 to 7000 ft. elevation. 



It is also widely spread in the mountains of Caucasia, which border on the 

 eastern shore of the Black Sea, where it has been found in numerous stations, in 

 Abkhasia, Mingrelia, Imeritia, Adshuria, and Guria. It grows mainly in the 

 subalpine zone of the forests, between 4000 and 7000 ft., often forming with hazel 

 and birch the timber line. Alboff 1 describes it as a shrub 10 to 13 ft. in height, 

 with very variable foliage as regards size and shape, large broad leaves, 5 to 13 in. 

 long and 2\ to 5 in. wide being characteristic of warm humid districts near the sea ; 

 while smaller narrow leaves are the prevalent form in the mountains near the central 

 chain of the Caucasus. 



It was seen by Dieck in 1890, who was unable to procure acorns, but brought 

 back cuttings. It was first introduced into England by Lord Kesteven, who collected 

 acorns in September 1905 in the mountains inland from Sukhum-Kaleh, a port 

 on the Black Sea about 100 miles north of Batum. He raised three seedlings, which 

 retained their foliage in March 1910, when they were about 12 to 18 in. high and 

 very thriving. Schneider states that he has only found it in cultivation in the forest 

 garden at Miinden in Hanover; but Elwes has recently obtained living plants from 

 the nursery of O. Poscharsky at Laubegast, near Dresden. (A. H.) 



1 In Bull. Herb. Boissier, i. 259 (1893). Cf. also Radde, Pflanzenvcrb. Kaukasus, 182, 188 (1899). 

 V 2 T 



