1322 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



QUERCUS MACRANTHERA 



Quercus macranthera, Fischer et Meyer, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x. 260 (1838); De Candolle, Prod. 

 xvi. 2, p. 13 (1864); Boissier, Flora Orientalis, iv. 1165 (1879); Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 

 192 (1904). 



A tree, about 60 ft. in height. Young branchlets stout, covered with dense 

 brown pubescence, retained in the second year. Buds pubescent, with persistent 

 pubescent filiform stipules. Leaves (Plate 337, Fig. 42) deciduous in autumn, 

 4 to 5 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad, obovate, acute at the apex, unequal and rounded or 

 cuneate at the base, margin ciliate ; with seven to eleven pairs of lateral nerves, 

 each ending in a rounded, short, usually entire, rarely toothed lobe ; upper surface 

 dark green, with minute scattered brown hairs ; lower surface pale, covered with 

 dense tomentum ; petiole \ to \ in., densely pubescent. 



Fruits ripening in the first year, sessile or sub-sessile, crowded at the apex of 

 the branchlet ; acorns cylindrical-ovoid, nearly an inch long, glabrous, surrounded at 

 the base by a hemispherical cupule, about \ in. in diameter, covered with loosely 

 appressed pubescent scales, ovate in the basal ranks, and lanceolate towards the 

 margin of the cupule. 



This species, which is closely allied to Q. Toza and Q. conferta, is a native of 

 the mountains of northern Persia and of the Caucasus, between 4000 and 7500 ft. 

 altitude, where it often grows in subalpine meadows near the timber line. It has 

 also been collected in Karabagh and in Armenia. According to Radde, 1 who gives 

 a photograph of a large tree growing amidst tall grass, it attains a great age and 

 considerable size, one tree being recorded as 425 years old, 2^ ft. in diameter, and 

 with 180 cubic ft. in the stem, exclusive of branches. 



Q. macranthera, which is a very ornamental species, was introduced some time 

 before 1873, as Koch 2 in that year mentions small trees in north-eastern Germany, 

 which were perfectly hardy. Mayr 8 says that it grows fast at Grafrath, near Munich. 

 A tree in Kew Gardens, obtained from Spath in 1895, * s about 20 ft. high, and has 

 borne acorns during the last three years. There are also specimens at Westonbirt 

 and Aldenham. (A. H.) 



QUERCUS LUSITANICA, Portuguese Oak 



Quercus lusitanica, Lamarck, Encyc. i. 719 (1783); Webb, It. Hisp. 11 (1838); Boissier, Voy. Bot. 



Esfagne, ii. 575 (1839-45); Hooker, Ic. Plant, vi. t. 562 (1843); Coutinho, in Bull. Soc. 



Brot. vi. 66 (1888). 

 Quercus australis, Link, ex Loudon, Arb. et Prut. Brit. iii. 1925 (1838). 



A tree, attaining 60 ft. in height and 10 ft. in girth. Bark thick, divided into 

 small quadrangular scaly plates. Young branchlets tomentose. Buds ovoid, acute, 



1 Pflantcnvtrb. Kaukas. 204, 226 (1899). * Dendrologie, ii. 2, p. 44 (1873). 



* Frtmdldnd. IVald- u. Parkbdume, 502 (1 906). 



