n8 TREE WOUNDS AND DISEASES 



with. The ravages of certain insects can be 

 most effectually dealt with when in the egg 

 stage, others by destruction of the grub or 

 caterpillar, while in the case of boring beetles 

 preventive measures can best be carried out 

 when a large area of trees is infested. How 

 the insect hibernates is a most important 

 point in dealing with its depredations and 

 extermination. 



The goat moth (Cossus ligniperda] is far 

 more common than is generally supposed, and 

 this may also be said of the wood leopard 

 moth (Zeuzera tesculi), both of which attack 

 the elm, poplar, ash, and oak. The goat moth 

 frequents the willow, oak, lime indeed, most 

 of our hardwood trees the tunnels made by 

 the larvas being almost large enough to admit 

 the little finger. The popular name of the 

 moth is derived from the disagreeable smell 

 which the caterpillar emits. It is from 

 3 to 4 inches long, of a flesh colour, with 

 black head and stripe down the back. The 

 moth is brown, mottled and striped with 

 darker markings, and when fully developed is 

 often nearly 3 inches in spread of wings. 



