138 TREE WOUNDS AND DISEASES 



the liquid, by means of clay or putty, is to be 

 recommended. 



The ash coccus (Apterococcus fraxint) usually 

 attacks trees that are growing on warm, gravelly 

 soil, as does also the felted white scale coccus 

 (Chionaspis). The scale is readily detected on 

 the bark, as they present a white, felty appear- 

 ance, and if pressed emit a red, blood-like fluid. 

 Scraping the affected parts and applying a 

 caustic alkali solution or soft soap and paraffin 

 will effect a cure. The white scale coccus also 

 attacks the willow. 



The Willow or Osier Beetle (Phratora vitel- 

 linte). This is a small bronzy-green or copper- 

 coloured beetle about a sixth of an inch long, 

 and often found where willows for basket- 

 making are cultivated. Its attacks are princi- 

 pally directed at the foliage, which it either 

 skeletonises or totally destroys, and osiers so 

 attacked are weakened in consequence. Not 

 only is the osier attacked, but several species 

 of tree willow and many members of the 

 poplar family. In the case of osier beds, 

 spraying with Paris green wash has had bene- 

 ficial results ; and with young plants in the 



