146 TREE WOUNDS AND DISEASES 



was burnt next spring, and has come away 

 very well ; but where it is attacked in small 

 patches amongst bent or grass it is often not 

 noticed, and in these cases is, I think, very 

 likely, entirely killed." 



The beetle is rather under a quarter of an 

 inch in length, and of an olive-brown colour, 

 with black, shining head. The newly hatched 

 grub is one-twelfth of an inch in length, and of a 

 pale-greenish colour. The breeding place of 

 the beetle is generally amongst the sphagnum, 

 and it has been recorded that heather on a damp 

 moor is more liable to attack than when the 

 reverse conditions obtain. Drainage of the 

 ground is therefore all-important, and burning 

 the affected heather is also recommended. 

 Spraying with " XL All " insecticide in June 

 has been found to destroy the insect, but this 

 is impossible over a wide area. 



The Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Cynips querci) 

 occasions the well-known and widely distri- 

 buted " oak apples " or " gall apples " which 

 are found, often in large numbers, on the under 

 sides of the oak leaves. They are at first of a 

 dull green, then red, and die off of a leathery- 



