INSECT ATTACKS AND REMEDIES 147 



brown colour. Collecting and destroying these 

 marble-like growths is the only remedy. 



The above are only a few of the many 

 insects that injure forest trees ; but those 

 treated of are such as are most familiar to the 

 forester, and whose attacks he has most 

 frequently to wage war against. Remedial 

 measures are frequently of little avail, more 

 particularly when a whole wood or plantation 

 is attacked ; but with single specimens the 

 numbers may readily be lessened by the 

 methods suggested. Keeping the woodlands 

 free of dead and dying trees and branches is a 

 preventive of insect attacks that should never 

 be neglected. As showing the injury that can 

 be inflicted on our forest trees by some of 

 these insect pests, the following cases may be 

 mentioned. 



During a period of fifteen years, the spruce 

 in East Prussia, Poland, and Russia was killed 

 over an area of 7000 square German miles ; 

 while in the Bavarian forests the loss to the 

 revenue in one year was 40,000. In both 

 cases the destructive insect Liparis monacfia was 

 the cause of injury. 



