FRUIT TREES AND THEIR ENEMIES 163 



end, tunnels its way to the core, with the result 

 that the apples fall prematurely from the tree. 

 When full-grown, the caterpillars usually 

 emerge from the fruit and either crawl down 

 the stem or lower themselves to the ground 

 by fine silk-like threads. Remedies consist of 

 spraying with Paris green, in the proportion 

 of 10 oz. to 20 gallons of water, or arsenatc 

 of lead, immediately the fruit has set. Fallen 

 apples should be collected and destroyed, and 

 the rugged and loose bark of the trees scraped 

 and scrubbed with a strong brush and caustic 

 emulsion. 



The apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) 

 attacks fruit in an almost similar way to the 

 better-known codling moth. Spraying with 

 arsenate when the fruit is set usually effects 

 a cure. As the grubs hibernate in the soil, 

 an injection of carbon disulphide at the root 

 is recommended. Unlike the codling moth, 

 which it much resembles in its methods of 

 attack, the apple sawfly hibernates in the soil 

 and not on the bark of the affected tree. 

 Appearing with the blossoms, the female sawfly 

 deposits her eggs in these, and the larvae, hatch- 



