178 TREE WOUNDS AND DISEASES 



trees, to which browsing animals have access, 

 should be carefully guarded by suitable fencing 

 against their attacks. Driving nails into tree 

 trunks, and attaching fencing to these, are per- 

 haps minor evils, but they should be guarded 

 against as likely to prepare the way for insect 

 and fungoid attacks. 



Through carelessness when removing timber 

 from the woodlands many a fine tree has had its 

 exposed roots and the bark of the lower portion 

 of the stem seriously damaged. Then there 

 are injuries due to ignorance and carelessness 

 in pruning and felling, all of which might 

 have been avoided by timely care and fore- 

 thought. The lawn-mower, or rather the 

 operator, is to blame for many a wound on root 

 and stem ; while poisoning of the soil by 

 escaping gas or sewage has much to answer 

 for in the dead and dying condition of many 

 urban and suburban trees. 



Periodical examinations should be made of 

 all important trees, in order that preventive 

 measures may, when necessary, be carried out 

 before the health of the tree has been impaired. 

 Trees growing in our public parks should 



