PLANTING, 91 



Log. The trunk or body of a timber-tree prepared for the sawyer. 



Maiden-plant. A young tree raised from seed, in opposition to one 

 produced from an old root or stub. 



Moot, in Devonshire, is the same with stool in other counties. Vide 

 Stool. 



Nascent stem. The development of the stem of a seedling 1 plant, just 

 previous to the exhibition of the first leaves. 



Poles. Shoots from coppice-stools on thestems of young trees of various 

 lengths, according to the purpose for which they are wanted ; those for hops 

 should be from ten to eighteen feet long. 



Red-hearted. A discoloration of the central point or heart-wood of a 

 tree, most frequently arising from bad management in the early culture of 

 the tree, by neglecting to prevent or remove every cause of stunting the 

 growth in the earliest stages of culture. An ungenial soil produces this 

 defect likewise. 



Sapling. A young tree under six inches diameter at four feet from the 

 ground ; in some places it is used to denote a young tree raised imme- 

 diately from the seed, which is then termed a maiden-tree ; in others it is 

 considered a young tree, the produce of a coppice-stool, old root, or stub, 

 and, by a few, a long young tree, the produce of either. 



Sears, or low faggots. Made similar to bavins (which see), but longer, 

 and generally bound with three withs : used for sheltering 1 farm-yards, 

 hovels, and for various other purposes. 



Fall cutting. A term used to denote the period of cutting a copse, 

 which varies from twelve to eighteen and thirty years, according to the soil 

 or produce of the coppice, and the judgment of the proprietor. 



Shalty shakes. The fissures, cracks, or longitudinal openings often 

 found in the timber of trees which have suffered from injudicious culture 

 and an ungenial soil, vide p. 73. 



Shoot. Indifferently used for the young, lateral branch of a stem, or that 

 of a coppice-stool or stub. 



Sprig of wood. In some instances understood as the branches of a 

 tree. Vide act. 



Standard. The shoots of a coppice stool, selected from those cut down 

 as underwood to remain for large poles or timber-trees. 



Slivery. Small, straight shoots of large ash, &c., cleft into hoops for 

 the purposes of the cooper. Vide Cane and Coopers' ware. 



Stem. The body of a tree in all its stages of growth, from a seedling 

 to that of a full-grown tree. See Bole. 



Stole. The first stage of growth of a shoot emitted or sent out from 

 the sides of a root or stub or coppice-stool. See Tiller. 



Stool. The root of a tree which has been left in the ground, the pro- 

 duce of another tree, or shoot for saplings, underwood, &c. 



Stub. See Stool. 



Sucker. Properly the young plants sent up by creeping-rooted trees, as 

 in the poplar, elm, &c. These suckers are oftentimes very troublesome, 

 under the circumstance of their often appearing in lawns, or grass fields 

 near a mansion. The term sucker is also applied in some places, to 

 denote the side shoots from a stool or stub. See Stool. 



Tap-root. The first root produced by the seed of a tree, which descends 

 at first perpendicularly into the earth, and supports the plant until the pro- 

 per leaves are produced, which, in their turn, assist in the production of 

 fibres or proper roots. 



Tellow. See Tiller. 



