LIST OF FOREST-TREES, 



105 



When planted in hedge-rows, the ash 

 is apt to impoverish the soil around it 

 in a greater degree than most other 

 trees. This tree is by many con- 

 sidered to stand next in value to the 

 oak. It is mentioned as such by the 

 oldest writers*. Where pollard trees 

 are permitted, the ash makes one of 

 the most profitable. Dr. Withering 

 states, that a decoction of two drachms 

 of the bark has been used to cure 

 agues. The Manna Ash, Fraxinus 

 rotundifdlia, in England seldom 

 attains to more than 20 feet in 

 height ; the leaflets are shorter, of a 

 deeper green colour, and more deeply 

 serrated on the margins than those 

 of the common ash. It is a native 

 of Italy, and is most abundant in Ca- 

 labria, where it grows spontaneously 

 on the lower parts of the mountains. 

 This tree affords the well known 

 medicinal laxative substance termed 

 manna. It is obtained by making a 

 horizontal incision in the stem of the 

 tree towards the end of July. The 

 fluid gum is received into cups formed 

 of the leaves of the maple, and con- 

 ducted into them by the foot-stalks of 

 the leaf, or by straws inserted into 

 the incisions. The manna continues 

 to exude from the wounds of the 

 bole for about a month after the in- 

 cision is first madet. The compa- 

 rative merits and value of the other fo- 

 reign species of ash mentioned below, 

 remain yet to be proved by the British 

 forester ; and we shall here, therefore, 

 only observe, that the white ash of 

 North America, among those enu- 

 merated below, is the only species 

 that at present is considered to ap- 

 proximate to, and rival the common 

 ash in value. In New Brunswick 

 and Canada it most abounds, and is 

 most multiplied in the United States, 

 north of the river Hudson. Its most 

 favourable sites are the banks of 

 rivers and the edges and surrounding 

 acclivities of swamps ; it there some- 

 times attains to eighty feet in height. 



* Vide Gentleman's Magazine, 1785; Hunter's 

 Evelyn ; Withering's Arrangement of British 

 Plants ; Pennant's Tour, 1772, p. 29 ; Gilpin's 

 Forest Scenery, Vol. II., p. 280 ; Martyn's Ed. 

 Miller's Gard. Diet. ; Art. Fraxinus. 



t See Trans. Royal Soc., vol. Ix. 



Timber or Forest Species. 



ASH-TREE. FRAXINUS. Native of 



Common excelsior . . .Britain . . 



Entire-leaved .... simplicifolia 



White American .americana.. N.Amer.. 



Var. Black do. . . .pubtsccns . . . 



Red do rubra 



Species for Ornament, fyc. 



Weeping excel.pcndulaBiltniu . . 



Horizontal horizontals 



Erose-leaved erdsa. . 



Striped bark striata. 



Walnut-leaved . . .juglandifolia 



Aleppo lentiscifolia . Aleppo 



Flowering ornus Italy 



Many-flowered .. .floribunda .Nepaul ' 



Manna rotundifolia Italy 



Cloth-leaved pannosa . . .N.Amer. 



Four-sided quadranguldta 



Flat-seeded platacdrpa. . 



Long-leaved longifolia . . 



Red-veined rubicunda.. 



Green-branched . . viridis ..... 



. cintrea .... 



. alba 



. Richdrdi . . 



70 



30 



Cinereous .... 

 Grey-branched 

 Richards' .... 

 Sharp-leaved. . 

 Elder-leaved. . 

 Silver-leaved. . 

 Elliptic-leaved . . .elliptica. . 



Oval-leaved ovdta. . . . 



Mexican mexicdna. 



Dotted-stalked. . .epiptera. . 



Red-veined rubicunda . . . 



Powdered.- prilverulenta. 



Mixed mixla 



Expanded expdnsa 



. ox y carp a 



. sambucifolia N.Amer. 



. argtntea . . . Corsica 



N. Amer. 



Mexico 

 N. Amer. 



. Nat. Sys. 



Bot. Name. 



EL^AGNUS. 

 Tetrandria Monogynia. Linn. 



Eng. Name. 



OLEASTER-TREE. 



Calyx, four-cleft, bell-shaped ; corolla, none ; 

 drupe^ inferior j seed, a nut, oblong, obtuse. 



Time of sowing seed Autumn : may be 

 sown in pots or propagated by layers. 

 Soil A sandy loam is what it affects 

 most. Uses It is admired for the 

 fragrance of its foliage. The compa- 

 rative value of its wood has npt yet 

 been proved. 



Species for Ornament, 8fc. 



OLEASTER-TREE. EL.EAGNUS. Native of t. 



Narrow-leaved . . ,angustifolia t $. Europe , 18 



