2 NATURAL HISTORY IN ANECDOTE. 



embraces the whole range of animal life and reaches its 

 highest order in man. The science which treats of organic 

 life as a whole is called Biology, while its two departments 

 are separately known as Botany and Zoology. Natural 

 History is a general term popularly applied to the study of 

 Zoology. 



Zoology. Zoology is the science of animal life. It deals 

 with the origin of species, and the evolution of the varied 

 forms of animated nature, and treats of the structure, habits, 

 and environment of all living creatures. Scientifically speak- 

 ing, Zoology is the classified arrangement of all known truths 

 concerning all animal organisms. 



Classification. For convenience in study the Animal king- 

 dom is divided into seven Sub-kingdoms, each of which is further 

 divided into classes. These Sub-kingdoms are known as: I 

 Vertebrata, II Arthropoda, III Mollusca, IV Echinodermata, 

 V Vermes, VI Coelenterata, and VII Protozoa. Sub-kingdom I, 

 Vertebrata, includes all animals distinguished by the possession 

 of Vertebrae or back-bones, and its classes are I Mammalia: 

 animals that suckle their young; II Aves: Birds; III 

 Replilia: Reptiles; IV Satrachia: Frogs, Toads, etc.; and V 

 Pisces: Fishes. Sub-kingdom II, Arthropoda, includes the 

 Insect families, etc., which it also divides into classes. Sub-king- 

 dom III, Mollusca, animals of the cuttle-fish order, including 

 limpets, oysters, and slugs. Sub-kingdom IV, Echinodermata, 

 a large number of marine animals, such as the star-fish 

 and the sea-urchin. Sub-kingdom V, Vermes, the various 

 classes of worms. Sub-kingdom VI, Coelenterata, corals and 

 sponges, etc., etc., and Sub-kingdom VII, Protozoa, 

 protoplasms and the lowest forms of animal life. This 

 volume is devoted to the illustration of the first of these 

 sub-kingdoms, the Vertebrata, with its five classes, Mamma- 

 lia, Aves, Reptflia, Batrachia and Pisces. 



