NUMBER XIV 

 SUMMER INDUSTRIES 



SUMMER is the time for a study of the industries 

 of living creatures . These industries have to do 

 with getting hold of things and powers, changing them 

 from one form to another, storing them, and dis- 

 tributing them. The chief aim of the industries is 

 to keep life agoing and to make it more successful 

 and satisfying. Their external result is always a 

 product, or some change in the form, position, 

 or usefulness of a product. Thus war is not an 

 industry, but weaving is ; eating is not an industry, 

 but hunting is. 



The industries of living creatures are not all 

 on the same level as regards the help that they re- 

 quire from the mind. Indeed we may arrange 

 them on a staircase of five steps ; or, better still, 

 on a long inclined plane marked by five more or 

 less clear divisions. 



The Inclined Plane of Activities 



Lowest are those activities which go on auto- 

 matically, without any nervous system. Such are 

 the most important changes of matter and energy that 

 we know of in the whole world, namely, those that 



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