SUMMER INDUSTRIES 



up to do what they do. They are born with a ready- 

 made power of doing certain things well. 



On a fourth level are intelligent activities, which 

 include some animal activities and parts of others. 

 Here a higher note is struck. The animal is not 

 only conscious, but controlling and contriving. 

 It adapts old means to new ends, it profits by ex- 

 perience, it puts two and two together in a simple 

 way at least. Thus when a spider departs from its 

 usual routine to make a web adapted to entirely 

 novel circumstances for instance, to the wind 

 on the seashore, when a bee mends its comb in a 

 fashion that we cannot help calling ingenious, when 

 a monkey works a screwdriver, when an elephant 

 helps to make a railway, and so on, we must allow 

 at least a spice of intelligence, and often much more. 



But there is a Iiigher level still that of rational 

 activity ; and, so far as we know, we have this 

 field all to ourselves. By rational, as distinguished 

 from intelligent, is meant, that the activities require 

 not only putting two and two together and profiting 

 by experience, but a preliminary experimenting 

 inside our heads with general ideas, like those of 

 mathematics. The Forth Bridge was built intelli- 

 gently, but it was planned rationally. 



Kinds of Industry 



In illustrating animal industries we may group 

 those concerned with food-getting under the con- 

 venient heads of the great human occupations of 

 hunting, fishing, shepherding, and farming. 



Of hunting there are many kinds. Lurking is 

 89 



