HIGH SCHOOL ZOOLOGY. 189 



having an extra molar tooth, and a rounded skull. Examples of 

 this group are the howling and spider monkeys {3Ii/cetes and Atcles), 

 the bonnet-monkeys [Cebus), and certain smaller squirrel-like forms, 

 with soft, abundant fur, and nocturnal habits, which depend upon 

 their feet alone for climbing {Nyctipitlieciis, Chrysothrix). The re- 

 maining South and Central American forms are called Arctopitheci ; 

 they have one true molar less than the Platyrrhines, tuberculate 

 grindei's, and fingers with claws instead of nails. Only one genus is 

 recognized (Hapale), including several species of marmosets, the smallest 

 of the Primates. 



The Old World monkeys (Catarhini) have a thin nasal septum, the 

 nostrils directed downwards and forwards, the same dental formula as 

 Man, (i^,*}, pmf, mi) and the tail, if present, never prehensile. There 

 are two groups of them, those that approach Man (A nthropomorplia) in 

 the absence of the tail and of cheek-pouches, as well as in the less 

 prominence of the face, and the greater length of the anterior limbs, and 

 those that approach the Carnivora (Cynomorpha) in the strength of the 

 facial region, and the development of tusk-like canines, while they diflfer 

 fi'om the other group in having shorter anterior limbs, and, very often, 

 cheek-pouches. To the Anthropomorpha belong the chimpanzee 

 and the gorilla of Western Africa (Trujludytes), the orang-utan (Simla 

 satyrus) of Borneo and Sumatra, and the gibbons (Hylohates) of the 

 same islan<ls and the continent of India. To the Cynomorjjha belong 

 forms generally of smaller size, such as the sacred monkey of the 

 Hindoos (Sc ninopUhecus), the African Colohus, the squirrel-like Cerco- 

 pitheci of Africa, the macaques. (Macacus — chiefly Asiatic, with the ex- 

 ception of the tailless macaque, M. ecaudatus, of North Africa, which is 

 preserved in Gibraltar), and the baboons, which are the most dog-like 

 in face of the Cynomorpha, and include, among the African species, some 

 very large forms. 



