HIGH SCHOOL ZOOLOGY. 



217 



ation of the inner lobes of the labium, while the external lobes 

 so marked in the locust here only form the paraglosste (Fig. 147). 



Fig. 147.— Part of the Head with the Mouth-parts of the Honey ^ee. 

 01, labrura ; k', mandible; k=, niaxillse ; ta-, maxillary palps ; uk,' submentum ; 

 k, mentuni ; g, palpifer ; al ', external lobe of the labium (jjaraglossie) ; il, internal 

 lobe, (tongue) ; ta-', labial palps. 



Both pairs of wings are transparent, the anterior lai-ger than 

 the posterior, and united with them in flight. The lowest 

 group, the saw-flies {Tenthredinidce), have caterpillar-like larvse 

 which live on leaves, but are distinguishable from caterpillars 

 by the greater number of abdominal feet. Most of the families, 

 however, either provide for the larvie, cells of wax, or of paper, 

 or in the soil, and stock these with suitable food, which may 

 consist of honey, or pollen and honey, or of paralyzed insects 

 (Sphegichn), or else they deposit their eggs in the bodies of other 

 insects, or in plants, in such a way that the larvse on hatching 

 are surrounded with suitable food. In either case the larvse 

 are footless, and have rudimentary mouth-parts. The first con- 

 dition is met with in hees (Apidce), wasps (Vespidce), and ants 

 (Formicid(e)y the females of which are fui-nished with a sting 

 or modified ovipositor connecting with a poison-gland, the 

 second in the Ichneumonidce, which possess long ovipositors by 

 which they deposit their eggs in other insects, and in the 

 Cynipidce (the gall flies), where the laying of the eggs by the 

 short ovipositor-s, in the cellular tissue of plants, gives rise to 

 characteristic diseased outgrowths — galls — , in the interior of 



which the insects live till they reach the adult condition. 

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