ABSENCE OF THE INFEKIOR CAVA BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM. 15 



Paidus. — Girl of 17. An enlarged right cardinal. 

 - (?) Tourneux et Wertheimer. — A monstrous foetus of about 8 

 months. A very imperfect account, to the effect that an azygos 

 took the place of an inferior cava. 



(?) Wertheimer. — A similar case in an acephalic monster. 



Kloh. — An enlarged right cardinal. 



Group IIa. 

 The same transposed in situs inversus. 

 Bujalsky. — (An imperfectly reported case in Kussian.) 



Group III. 



Persistence of the right cardinal vein, with high union of 



the iliacs. 



Hoclistdfer. — Case I. Adult male, with other anomalies. 



The right cardinal persisted, receiving the right renal. The 

 left renal opened into a stem beginning with the third lumbar 

 vein, which passed behind the renal artery to the right cardinal. 



Group I IIa. 



The same transposed in situs inversus. 



M'Whinnic. — A fat woman aet. 25. Probably complete 

 situs inversus. The iliac veins united at the level of the 1st 

 lumbar. The resulting vessel entered the chest to the left of 

 the aorta. These vessels arched symmetrically over the roots 

 of the left and right lungs respectively. Judging from the 

 illustration, it seems that the right iliac and renal veins crossed 

 in front of the aorta. 



Group IV. 



Persistence of the left cardinal vein, the iliacs uniting 

 at about the usual place. 



Dorsch. — A very remarkable case. A woman of 77. The iliac 

 veins united at the normal height, but on the left of the aorta 

 to form a vein which ascended on the left of that artery to 

 about 2 cm. below the origin of the left subclavian artery, when 



