34 PROFESSOR A. BIRMINGHAM. 



good as those obtained from frozen bodies, and at the same time 

 admits of the taking asunder, and putting together, of the parts 

 shown in these sections, after the fashion of a child's model 

 house. In illustration of this latter advantage, I exhibit a 

 specimen of the pelvis, from which the various organs can be 

 removed one by one, and restored again at pleasure, without 

 interfering with either their shape or their relations. Such a 

 specimen is, I would submit, a great deal more useful and more 

 true to nature than any other preparation of this part. 



Passing by the merits of the formalin method, I shall set 

 forth briefly some of the chief points in which I find my results, 

 obtained from hardened bodies, differ from those generally 

 accepted. In doing so, I shall take the various parts of the 

 digestive system in order. 



The Salivary Glands. 



Tlie svhmaxillary gland lies further back than usually 

 taught. It is in contact with the mandible from its angle to a 

 point about an inch and a half (3-7 cm.) forward from the 

 angle. The posterior end of the gland is the most bulky part,, 

 and either abuts against or lies close to the sterno-mastoid. 

 Very often, too, it is overlapped by the lower end of the parotid 

 crland, the two being separated by a process of the deep cervical 

 fascia which extends from the angle of the jaw to the fascia of 

 the sterno-mastoid. The ' deep process ' leaves the deep surface of 

 the gland anterior to its middle, the front of the gland 

 presenting, as it were, a slit into which the posterior border of 

 the mylohyoid muscle fits. Tlie duct passes out of the deep 

 surface about its middle, and runs forwards along the upper and 

 deep aspect of the deep process. The lingual nerve crosses 

 inwards and forwards on the floor of the mouth beneath the 

 duct, about opposite the second molar tooth. 



The parotid gland is generally said to be separated from the 

 submaxillary gland below by the stylo-maxillary ligament. 

 This is rarely or never the case. The ligament separates it from 

 the back of the internal pterygoid muscle, which latter presents 

 not a narrow border, but a wide posterior surface lying almost in 

 a coronal plane. The importance of the ' glenoid lobe,' which is- 



