ANATOMICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. liii 



('') A specimen sliowing the Jong external lateral ligament con- 

 tinued, with scarcely any attachment to the head of tJie fibula, into the 

 peroneus longus muscle. 



(8) Dr Peter Thompson showed three specimens of ahnormrd 

 Ureters, obtained from the Practical Anatomy Rooms of the Owens 

 College, Manchester. 



In the first specimen two completely independent ureters were 

 present on the right side. The kidney on this side was single, and 

 the two ureters emerged from the normally situated hilum, one near 

 the upper and one near the lower extremity of the gland. Below, 

 they pierced the wall of the bladder somewhat to the right side of 

 the superior surface, and opened internally by two orifices situated 

 close together, and two inches from the commencement of the urethra. 

 The left ureter was single, and its opening into the bladder was in 

 the middle line, one inch from the urethral orifice, and the same dis- 

 tance from the openings of the right ureters. 



In the second case, also, the ureter was double on the right side 

 and single on the left ; but the special feature in this specimen was 

 the marked difference in the arrangement of the two ducts as they 

 emerged from the hilum of the kidney. In the first specimen the 

 two ureters at the hilum were equal in size, but in that now 

 described the ureter emerging from the lower part of the hilum pre- 

 sented a well marked dilatation — the pelvis — about the size of a 

 walnut, which, however, narrowed to form the ureter a little lower 

 down. The ureter emerging from the upper part of the hilum of the 

 kidney presented no such enlargement. Unfortunately the com- 

 plete course of the two ducts could not be shown, but as far as was 

 evident they remained quite separate. 



A somewhat similar arrangement to that just described was found 

 in a third specimen. The ureter from the right kidney was double 

 near the hilum, but single below. As the two ducts emerged from 

 the gland, one presented a marked dilatation, whilst the other was 

 of uniform calibre. Three inches from the kidney, however, they 

 joined together to form a siugle ureter. 



(9) Mr H, H. Broome (introduced by Professor Young) exhibited a 

 dissection obtained from the Practical Anatomy Department of the 

 Owens College, showing abnormalities of the Veins, the Arteries, and 

 the Kidneys (see fig. 2). 



i. Veins. — The chief variation is the persistence of a left superior \y 

 vena cava. This is formed by the union of the internal jugular and 

 subclavian veins ; and the resulting brachio-cephalic trunk runs down 

 in front of the arch of the aorta and the left pulmonary artery, passes 

 behind the main pulmonary vessel and crosses the back of the left 

 auricle, to terminate by opening into the right. This vessel is not 

 connected with the vena cava of the opposite side, the left in- 

 nominate vein not being represented. 



