, ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN MAN. 167 



Stomach on Plates XLIII. and XLIV., in Part I. Particularly 



consider together cases 31 and 32, Nos. 35 and 36, or Nos. 25, 



26, and 27 ; and, individually, Nos. 24, 21, 15, 7, 6, 5, and 2, and, 



to a less extent, Nos. 17, 3, and 1. In some of the outlines the 



conditions determining the relation of the parts do not seem to 



be brought out ; for instance, in case 22, in which there was a 



full stomach, it will be seen that the -head of the pancreas was 



at a much lower level than its left extremity, which was not 



depressed on the left kidney. Reference, however, to Plate 



XXIII. shows that in this case the pancreas was thin and 



tapering to the left, and would but little oppose the descent of 



the stomach. With a gland so variable in its actual size as the 



pancreas, particularly with regard to the size of its body, it is 



to be expected that considerable departures from the general 



rule will be met with. But that the statements previously 



made in regard to the alterations brought about in it by changes 



in position of the stomach are generally correct, seems well 



borne out. With regard to fig. 7, the items from each case 



are placed in the same vertical column for comparison. In 



Scheme A the horizontal line represents the anterior border of 



the pancreas, and the vertical lines represent the distances of 



the greater curvature of the stomach above or below it in the 



middle line. The same applies to Scheme B in the left lateral 



line. In Scheme C the horizontal line represents, again, the 



anterior border of the pancreas, the vertical lines above indicate 



the depth, projected on to a vertical plane, of its gastric surface, 



and the vertical lines below represent the depth, antero- 



posteriorly, of its inferior surface ; both being taken in the left 



lateral hue. In Scheme D the horizontal line represents the 



upper border of the pancreas in the same plane as in Scheme C, 



and the vertical lines in this case indicate the distance of the 



upper pole of the left kidney above or below the upper border 



of the pancreas, as the case may be. On Scheme E the relation 



of the greater curvature of the stomach to the line E.F. in the 



lateral line is represented by the vertical lines. For the 



purpose of explanation, take two adjoining contrast cases (Nos. 



36 and 37), which have been specially numbered. In case 36, 



as A, B and E show, there was a low stomach. C therefore 



shows a flat pancreas— that is, one having a large gastric and a 



