184 PROFESSOR CHEISTOPHER ADDISON. 



the adult, it is not easy to consider that the arrangement in the 

 infant, if shown to be fairly regular, establishes anything but a 

 probability as to the nature of the arrangement likely to be 

 met with in the adult. 



According to the recent observations of Mall (19), particularly 

 in the dog, it would seem that even after disturbance, shaking, 

 or even manipulation, the intestines do fall back again into 

 their previous general position, and seem to preserve in an 

 individual a certain uniformity in the plan of their arrange- 

 ment. 



Treves (15) in his lectures contents himself with a very 

 general statement as to the arrangements of the various coils in 

 the adult. 



More recently, however, Henke (16), Sernoff (8), Weinburg 

 (7), and Mall (19), through various hardening methods have 

 obtained, by means of casts of the back of the hardened anterior 

 abdominal wall, by photographs, drawings, and other methods, 

 accurate representations of the positions of the various in- 

 testinal coils, both superficial and deep. 



It will be well in this place to indicate some of the chief of 

 their conclusions. 



Weinburg considers the abdomen in four regions: — (1) an upper 

 space under the vault of the diaphragm containing the liver and 

 stomach and their adjoining viscera, usually also the splenic 

 flexure of the colon and, it may be, a part of the transverse 

 colon; (2) and (3) lateral regions, lateral to the umbilicus and 

 the psoas muscles, containing the parts of the large intestine 

 and the kidneys ; and (4) a region between the psoas muscles 

 behind the umbihcus extending down into the pelvis. The 

 small intestines are contained chiefly in the left lateral and the 

 central regions, and to some extent as a rule in the right lateral 

 region. They move most freely in the upper left lateral and 

 the central regions. Taking the general direction of the 

 mesentery from above downwards, from left to right, the coils 

 in the left upper region would be jejunal and those in the right 

 lower region chiefly iliac, the division between the two groups 

 being taken down the left psoas muscle. Henke found that the 

 left upper group of coils in the greater number of cases were 

 arranged more or less horizontally from right to left, and back 



