284 PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER ADDISON. 



wards on that transverse colon at the under surface of t'ne iiver, 

 but it passed directly across the abdomen, or bulged forwards for 

 a variable distance covering up the termination of the ascend- 

 ing colon and then passed directly across the abdomen to the 

 left (see case 12). 



This straight variety was fairly well represented in 9 cases, 

 or 22-5 per cent, of which cases 11, 12, 13, 14, and 40 are the best 

 examples. 



Splenic Flexure. — The loop upwards of the transverse colon 

 in front of the spleen was directed, as a rule, from before back- 

 wards more or less directly, and, as a rule, the anterior limb 

 of the loop was the more internal. Cases 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 23, 

 30, 31, 37, and 39 present good examples of this condition. In 

 some cases the direction of the splenic loop upwards was trans- 

 versely on a coronal plane, of which case 6 is a good example, 

 and cases 1, 9, 22, 35, and 40 illustrate it in varying degrees. 

 In case 3 the loop was directed forwards on a horizontal 

 plane. 



Generally speaking, 24 cases, or 60 per cent., presented a well- 

 defined splenic loop having a sagittal direction, and 7 cases, or 

 17-5 per cent., possessed a loop with a coronal direction. 



At some part, usually at the termination of the splenic flexure, 

 the colon often presented a diminution in its lumen with marked 

 sacculation, of which cases 6, 13, 14, 17, 20, and 35 are examples. 

 The colon is firmly fixed at the posterior part of the basal 

 surface of the spleen, and is sometimes capable of resisting con- 

 siderable distension of the bowel, as in cases 6 and 35. 



The highest point of the hepatic flexure averaged 2*5 cm. 

 below the level of E.F. The hepatic loop passed downwards, in 

 the average of those cases in which it was present, to 9"8 cm. 

 below E.F., and the mid-point of the extremity of the loop was 

 situated 6*5 cm. from the middle line — in other words, the 

 extremity of the loop was situated about the level of the iliac 

 crest in the right lateral line. 



From the hepatic loop the colon passed upwards and to the left 

 and crossed the middle line with its upper border 3'2 cm. below 

 E.F., and its lower border 7'2 cm. below, or about 3 cm. above 

 the umbilicus. In the left lateral line the upper border of the 

 transverse colon averaged 1-3 cm. below E.F. The highest point 



