288 PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER ADDISON. 



point in the left lateral line at the level of the anterior superior 

 iliac spine may he taken to correspond to some part of the lumen 

 of the sigmoid flexure at the place where it becomes freely movable. 



Treves' (15) description of an omega-shaped loop of the 

 sigmoid flexure within the pelvis represented the majority of 

 the cases. There were, however, 8 cases, or 20 per cent., in 

 which a large loop of the sigmoid flexure extended out of the 

 pelvis into the umbilical or the right or left iliac regions, viz., 

 cases 9, 11, 14, 23, 25, 31, 40. In these cases the loop was 

 usually simple and very distended. 



A study of the rectum, except the point of its commencement, 

 has not entered into this work. 



Summary. 



To summarise in general terms the position in regard to the 

 surface of the chief points of the large intestines : — ■ 



The lower border of the ileo-colic junction is situated in the right 

 lateral line, half-way between the planes of the anterior superior 

 iliac spines and CD. 



The root of the appendix is immediately below this, or in the 

 right lateral line, one inch below a line drawn from the anterior 

 superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. 



The innermost point of the cmcunh is about the level of the 

 anterior superior iliac spine, midway between the middle line 

 and the right lateral line. 



The lowest p)oint of the ccecnm is in the right lateral line about 

 f of an inch below the anterior superior iliac spine. 



The outer border of the ascending colon is a little internal to a 

 line drawn vertically upwards from the right anterior superior 

 iliac spine. 



The heixdic flexure of the colon rises to a little below E.F., a 

 little internal to the line just described. 



The lowest point of the hepatic loop downwards of the transverse 

 colon is at the level of the highest part of the iliac crest in the 

 rio;ht lateral line. 



The upper border of the transverse colon in the middle line 

 is about 1 inch below E.F., or nearly three inches above the 

 umbilicus, but it is subject to considerable variation. 



