300 PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER ADDISON. 



apart from the general correspondence of visceral levels — 

 between the level of the spleen and that of the left kidney. 



Moreover, whilst a high position of the spleen seems 

 specially associated with a highly-placed stomach, the reverse 

 does not seem apparent. 



In the case of a large spleen, the portion above the kidney 

 and supra-renal body sometimes spreads down in front of those 

 organs to the upper border of the pancreas, and thereby shuts 

 the kidney and supra-renal out from any direct relationship 

 with the stomach. 



The Left Supra-renal Body. 



The highest point of the left supra-renal body is situated in 

 the average 5-5 cm. above E.F., at a distance of 4 cm. from the 

 middle line, being overlapped for nearly a centimetre by the 

 spleen. The innermost point, which is as a rule the inner 

 extremity of the lower border, averaged 24 cm. from the middle 

 line, the lower border being '5 cm. above E.F. The left supra- 

 renal body is a little higher and a little nearer to the middle 

 line than the right. 



The left supra-renal body is sometimes nearly lifted off the 

 kidney in the cases in which the pancreas is much higher than 

 the kidney, as in cases 17 and 31 ; and, on the contrary, it 

 may be somewhat depressed in level under the opposite 

 circumstances, as in cases 16, 24, 23, and 36. 



The Left Kidney. 



The upper pole of the left kidney is situated in the average 

 4-5 cm. above E.F. in the lateral line (6-1 cm. from the middle 

 line), or 11 cm. higher than the corresponding point of the 

 right kidney. It projects in the average 1 cm, above the upper 

 border of the pancreas. Traced downwards, its outer border 

 reaches its most external point of 9*6 cm. from the middle line 

 a little below the plane of E.F. (-6 cm.). Its lower pole is 

 situated '8 cm. higher than the corresponding pole of the right 

 kidney, at 6-2 cm. below E.F. and 6-2 cm. from the middle line. 

 The innermost point of its upper segment projects inwards 



