302 PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER ADDISON. 



Tlie tivo Kidneys. — In 8 cases, or 20 p.c. (Nos. 5, 7, 10, 13, 17, 

 25, 29, and 31), the upper pole of the right kidney was higher 

 than that of the left; in cases 5 and 10, being 3 cm. higher. 

 In 3 cases the upper poles were on the same level, viz., in 

 Nos. 2, 27, and 28. It is interesting to notice that three of 

 the cases (Nos. 7, 2, and 27), in which the upper pole of the 

 right kidney was high in relation to that of the left, were 

 amongst those in which the distance between the upper pole of 

 the right kidney and the upper border of the liver was least, and 

 in which the question was asked whether the liver had simply 

 passed downwards over the face of the right kidney, or had also, 

 but to a less extent, pushed the kidney itself downwards. The 

 fact that in these cases the upper pole of the right kidney was 

 as high or higher than that of the left would considerably 

 strengthen the conclusion already arrived at, that the liver, in 

 these cases, had hot displaced the right kidney downwards. On 

 the contrary, these cases of relative high position of the right 

 kidney, as compared with the left, only include two cases in 

 which the distance between the upper border of the liver and 

 the upper pole of the kidney was greater than the average (viz., 

 cases 5 and 31). 



The loioer pole of the right kidney was higher than that of the 

 left in 8 cases, or 20 p.c. again ; (viz., in cases 4, 5, 7, 14, 16, 17, 

 25, and 40), and the extreme difference in these cases was 3 cm. 

 in No. 16. The lower poles were on the same level in 5 cases; 

 viz., Nos. 1, 10, 13, 29, and 33, so that in, roughly, 30 p.c. of the 

 cases the right kidney was as high or higher than the left. 



The Iliac Crests. — The average position of the lower pole of 

 the right kidney was 2*5 cm. above highest part of the iliac 

 crest, and that of the left 3-3 cm. There were 2 cases on the 

 right side (Nos. 20 and 27), and none on the left, in which the 

 lower pole of the kidney was lower than the iliac crest. 



There were, further, 8 cases on the right side in which the 

 lower pole of the kidney was down to the level of the iliac 

 crest, or not more than 1 cm. above it ; giving 10 cases, or 25 p.c, 

 in which the lower pole of the right kidney was below, at the 

 level of, or not more than 1 cm. higher than the highest part 

 of the iliac crest. 



On the left side there were 9 cases, or 22*5 p.c, in which the 



