ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN MAN. 303 



lower pole of the kidney was on the level of, or not more than 

 1-5 cm. higher than, the highest part of the crest. 



On the right side there were 4 cases, or 10 p.c, and on the 

 left side there were 9 cases, or 25 p.c, in which the lower pole 

 of the kidney was 5 cm. or more higher than the highest part of 

 the iliac crest. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



Plates XXXII., XXXIII., and XXXIV., on a scale representing 

 centimetres, show the position of the parts of the large intestine, the 

 vermiform appendix and the hnes of the peritoneal attachments, in 

 relation to the surface lines, the brim of the pelvis and other parts in 

 the way that has been adopted throughout the other parts of the paper. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



( 1 ) Macalister, Text-Book of A^iatomy. 



(2) Cunningham, " Dehmitation of the Regions of the Abdomen," 

 Jour. Anat. and Phys., 1893. 



(3) His, " Ueber Praparate zum Situs Viscerum," u.s.w.. Arch. f. 

 Anat. u. Entwick., 1873. 



(4) Cunningham, " Form of the Spleen and Kidneys," Jowr. Anat. 

 and Phys., vol. xxix., 1894. 



(5) Symington, " On the Topographical Anatomy of the Pancreas," 

 Trans. Royal Med. Acad. Ireland, vol. xiii., 1896. 



(6) Birmingham, " The Topographical Anatomy of the Spleen," etc., 

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(7) Weinberg, " Topographie der INIesennterien und der Win- 

 dungen des Jejuno-ileum beim Neugeborenen Menschen," Inter. 

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(8) Sernopf, "Zur Kenntniss der Lage und Form des Mesen- 

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(9) Wright, " The Sternum as an Index of Sex, Height, and Age," 

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(10) Symington, Quain's Anatomy, vol. on Splanchnology. 



(11) Symington, " On certain Physiological Variations in the Shape 

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(12) Symington, "A rare Abnormality of the Pancreas," Jour. 

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(13) Cunningham, Practical Anatomy, \o\. 1, p. 492. 



(14) LocKWOOD, Lectures on Hernia, London, 1889. 



