402 DK E. W. SHUFELDT. 



sharpened outer edges ; have their articular extremities simply 

 modified in accordance with the aforesaid flattening of the 

 limb ; and, in life, are separated from each other by a narrow 

 interosseous space, the bones in Aptenodytes, for example, being 

 nearly of the same length and width. 



Two carpal tones are present as usual in Aves; the radiale 

 being an irregular nodule presenting the necessary facets of arti- 

 culation for the joint ; while the ulnare not only accomplishes 

 this, but is likewise produced backwards as a large, flat, free, tri- 

 angular process, characteristic of the skeleton of the wing of all 

 Penguins. 



In the flattened carpo-metacarpus, complete fusion has taken 

 place between the first and second metacarpal, and that to such 

 an extent as to almost (quite in S. minor) mask its very 

 existence. The third metacarpal is a characterless, flat rod 

 of bone fused by its extremities to the oblong and far broader 

 second metacarpal. There are two joints to the last-named 

 element, and a big, greatly elongated phalanx for the last finger 

 on the ulnar side, it being even longer than the proximal joint 

 of the second digit. Pollex digit has shared the same fate as 

 the first metacarpal, and its presence would not be suspected in 

 the adult bird. 



Of the Pelvic Limb. — As in the case with the bones of the 

 wings, the skeleton of this extremity in the Spheniscidae is 

 entirely non-pneumatic. Its femur and tihio-tarsus present the 

 ordinary ornithic characters, while among the most striking 

 peculiarities to be seen is the hig patella. 



Quite recently I had the pleasure of examining the leg-bones 

 and patella of the typQ specimen of Aptenodytes pennantii used 

 by Coues in his paper on " Material for a Monograph of the 

 Spheniscidse " {Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxiv., 1872). I 

 give you a life-size drawing of these bones from the right limb 

 of this Penguin, showing the great quadrate patella slightly 

 raised above its articulation with the tibia. In the same cut, 

 A and B, are copies of different views of the patella of Eudyptes 

 chrysocome by Professor Watson (Report on the Spheniscida^ ; 

 Eep. Scien. Kesults of Exp. Voyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' 

 vol. vii.,pl. vii. figs. 9 and 10, Zoology, 1883). Professor Watson 

 tells us that " the patella is of exceptionally large size, and 



