xii PROCEEDINGS OF THE 



condition of double ureter was due to a dichotomy of the renal (meta- 

 nephric) bud as it grew into the lumbar region from the Wolffian 

 duct. As the cortex was developed (glomeruli, etc.), the buds had 

 fused together. He regarded all cases of double ureter as due to a 

 dichotomy of the renal bud. Normally the bud divided into three 

 parts, in each of which an infundibulum of the pelvis of the kidney 

 was formed. In the normal kidney of the left side the two lower 

 infundibula were united in a common part of the pelvis, while the 



A. Fig. 3. B. 



A. Anterior Half of Right Kidney (double ureter). 

 £. Anterior Half of Left Kidney. 



(Drawn by H. Balean.) 



upper was more distinctly separated. The lower separate ureter of 

 the right side represented the two lower infundibula of the left side. 



Professor Pateeson did not think the specimen could properly be 

 described as double ; the hilum of one so-called kidney was continuous 

 with that of the other. Further, he believed the ureter and the 

 kidney tubules were of separate origin, the ureter only being developed 

 as a bud from the Wolffian duct. 



Professor Arthur Eobinson agreed with Professor I'aterson's 

 criticism, 



(8) Mr Keith also showed a number of oblique sections made nearly 

 in a sagittal plane, to illustrate the relationships of the gall bladder 

 and bile ducts. He pointed out that pressure applied to the anterior 

 surface of the liver, as by corsets, bent the cystic duct to so acute an 

 angle that were it not for the valve of Heister within it, the channel 

 would be obliterated. Further, that when the liver was pressed 

 against the spinal column, as it was in tight lacing, the bile within 

 the gall bladder was locked up, and an absorption of the fluid part of 

 the bile might conduce to the formation of gall stones. At any rate 

 gall stones were ten times more frequent in females than males. 



