PROFESSOR Pearson's contributions to osteology. 473 



struction are dealt with : — reconstruction of mean stature from 

 a knowledge of (a) femur, (b) humerus, (c) tibia, ((/) radius, (e) 

 femur + tibia, (/) femur and tibia, (g) humerus + radius, (h) 

 humerus and radius, (i) femur and humerus, (k) femur, humerus, 

 tibia, and radius. The probable errors are calculated for each 

 determination. A table of observed and reconstructed statures 

 for twenty (ten male and ten female) out of Eollet's hundred 

 cases is given. The most valuable formulse are found to be 

 those for (/), (h), (i), and (k). 



The bones of Eollet's corpses being in the recent state, the 

 formulae have to receive a correction before they can be applied 

 to dry bones. The allowances which have to be made are (1) 

 for cartilage, (2) for animal matter. The latter. Professor 

 Pearson has himself experimentally determined, and the 

 corrected formulae for the reconstruction of livino- stature 

 from dry long bones are given. 



Before applying the formulae to the general reconstruction 

 of stature, they are tested by application to a second widely 

 divergent race. This is possible in the case of the Aino. For, 

 although Koganei's records of long bones include no measure- 

 ments of stature, he has however determined the mean stature 

 of the race from a fairly large series of living individuals. It 

 is thus possible to compare the calculated and observed mean 

 statures of the race. The results are compared with those 

 which would be given by the formuhe of M. Manouvrier 



(whose relation is of the form 'x- = c), and the increased 



accuracy of the Pearsonian method is incontrovertibly demon- 

 strated. The results for the male Aino, calculated from female 

 formula;, and vice versa, are also tabulated. This shows at once 

 (1) that sexual differences are much greater than racial 

 differences, (2) that it would be futile to calculate the stature 

 of one sex from formula for the opposite. 



The second half of the paper consists of the application of 

 the formulae to the reconstruction of paleolithic and neolithic 

 man, and to a large number of local races, and then proceeds to 

 a discussion of the stature of giants and dwarfs. 



The above formula? give results which are much too small in 

 the case of giants, and much too large in the case of dwarfs. 



