ELEVENTH KEPOKT ON KECENT TERATOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 503 



abnormalities present. Parker (xli.) gives an account of an unusual 

 case of double hare-lip in which, in pLice of the appendage composed 

 of prolabium and premaxilla usually found attached to the nose in 

 cases of double hare-lip, there was a globular tumour in the same 

 situation, covered with white skin, and in size about half the width 

 of the mouth. The nose was pushed up and flattened, with the 

 nostrils spread widely apart by the deep attachment of the tumour. 

 Wilson (xlii.) contributes a lengthy article on spina bifida. Gerard 

 (xliii.) narrates a case in which a cervical rib was present, and 

 articulated with the first thoracic ribs. This last was formed by the 

 fusion of the normal first and second ribs. 



V. Thorax. 



Dauthuile (xliv.) concludes a lengthy paper on mammary 

 ahnormalities, by the following conclusions :— (1) Mammary structures 

 arise in the human embryo from the mnmmary line, a common 

 epithelial anlage which extends from the root of the embryonic upper 

 extremity towards the caudal end and terminates at tlie inguinal 

 fold. (2) At a certain stage of evolution of the mammary line, besides 

 the normal mammary anlagen, there are other supernumerary 

 anlagen throughout the entire extent of the line, i.e. embryonic 

 hyperthelia and hypermastia exist. In the course of the development 

 of the embyro, these supernumerary formations disappear without 

 leaving any trace behind. (.3) The two mammary lines, which are 

 distinctly dorsal at the commencement of embryonic life, undergo a 

 complete change of position towards the median ventral line, "as a 

 result of the formation of the abdominal parietes and the closure 

 of the umbihcus. (4) According to the author, amastia can be 

 explained by a congenital absence of the mammary line, or by the 

 atrophy of its constituent elements. Hyperthelia and hypermastia 

 are due to the persistence of supernumerary anlagen of the mammary 

 line, each of which develops in precisely the same manner as the 

 normal breast. (.5) There exists a close histological relationship between 

 mammary and sebaceous tissues. The author proposes to describe as 

 pseudo-mammary formations those progressive anomalies of the 

 sebaceous glands which may easily be mistaken for mammary 

 formations. It is evident that such structures may be met with in 

 any part of the body which normally presents sebaceous glands, 

 Braquehaye (xlv.) describes a case of supernumerary mamma lying 

 below the umbilicus. Like the only other two cases of a similar 

 nature known to the author, it was in a male, and lay mid-way 

 between the umbilicus and the penis. It was in a state of active 

 secretion, and when removed its nature was proved beyond a doubt 

 by microscopic examination. Civatte (xlvi.) records a case of 

 cardiac abnormality in a female fet. 19, who died of tuberculosis. 

 There was an incomplete septum ventriculorum and no pulmonary 

 artery. The aorta, which had only three valves, was connected with 



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