We are very glad indeed, to have 

 Inch good reports from the Frank- 

 lin School. Do not fail to 

 (the pictures. 

 ♦ * ♦ 

 HAT PLANTS NEED FOR FOOD 

 Water and soil food are the chief 

 part of a plant's diet -Manure make* 

 soil rich; If you haven't this, buy it. 



Soil food and air food are what the 

 s need and so it makes a good 

 Deal of difference to a plant 

 finds plenty of food, in its home or 

 not, the ground should be broken in- 

 to small enough pieces, for the roots, 

 not being gimlets, find it hard to 

 push their way through. So when 

 real gardeners are making ready 

 home* for the plants they dig the 

 that the roots will 

 have B (inething nice to work in. 



When the soil is the result of the 

 blending of several materials, it is 

 called a loam, and the relative pro- 

 portion of sand or clay produces 

 what is known either as sandy loam. 

 Or <lay loam, depending upon the 

 different kind of sand or clay. 



If a large quantity of vegetable or 

 animal matter is to be found in the 

 soils, such matter is called humus. 

 When humus is in large proportions, 

 it forms a class of soil called muck. 



In order to show the movement of 

 water in soil, arrange a couple of 

 glass tubes or straight lamp chim- 

 neys such as are used with differ- 

 ent burners, and in each place a dif- 

 ferent kind of soil, in one a pure 

 sand, in another, a mixture of sand 

 and clay, in another a sandy loam. 

 and in still another, some leaf mold 



Note the time and the distance 

 to which the water rises in each of 

 the chimneys through the different 

 soils This rise of water through 

 the different soils is called capil- 

 larity. Do not go and fuss with the 

 earth while it is wet. Air is necess- 

 ary in the soil in order to make it 

 a proper place for the growth of 



MARGARET GLOOR. 

 fth B. Whitti. r School. 



* * ♦ 



AN EXPERIMENT 



One day at our school in Niles, 

 Calif., Prof. Stebbins. our agricul- 

 tural teacher gave us an experi 

 which goes to show that leaf capil- 

 carry nourishment to all parts 

 of the plant 



First, he took a small glass cf 

 •rater and placed a small amount of 

 red ink into it. This was to color 

 the water red. 



'*/, 



Next he took a lily leaf which had 

 a medium length stem and pla< 

 into the glass of water. In a 

 days he cut the leaf into many parts 

 and each part was slight lv colored 

 along the veins showing that tin 

 colored water was carried through 

 the stem to parts of the U 

 BARRY walk. 

 Eighth Grade \iles School. 



• • • 

 CULTIVATION 



Many gardens or farms cannot be 

 watered, so some recourse must be 

 had, in order to keep the soil moist 

 underneath. i„ <M <I. r to do this, 

 cultivation is necessary. Cultivation 

 is done by hoeing or with a < ul 

 tivator. It breaks the capillary tubes 

 that are all through n it is 



through these tubes that the I 

 comes up to the surface of the 

 ground and evaporates. it p 

 would cultivate their land oft 

 irrigation would not be necess.< 



In cultivating, one must 

 careful that he does not harm his 

 plants in any way. If the plants are 

 close together, the side of the hoe 

 should be used to make sure you 

 don't cut any of the other plants. If 

 the plants are far apart the blade of 

 the hoe is used. 



Cultivate often, to hold the mulch 

 and keep weeds out. A garde 

 farm of weeds throws a great 

 of moisture into the air in t v. 

 four hours. ZKL.mkka DOMENICI. 

 Eighth Grade Niles .School. 



DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



The progress of a nation is mea- 

 sured by the kind of tlTeetOCk OT 

 people in it. If the livestock or peo- 

 ple in it are poor, that nation 

 not prosp 



The farmer must also have good 

 livestock on his farm, if he wants to 

 prosper. Slowly, di y degrees 



we develop the possibilities of 

 animals. Animals are used for work 

 Without them, we would have to 

 find other means for plowing and 

 harrowing orchards. 



Animals are used for milk sin 

 cows, reindeer and goats. Wi 

 milk, we would have no buttt r or 

 cheese and many other things. Can 

 you find a substitute for milk? 



Animals are used for pleasure, as 

 horses and ponies. True, the auto- 

 mobile and airship have been in- 

 vented, tut you could never find a 

 more gentle or surer way of riding, 

 than behind a horse. 



Animals are used for food. Beef, 



