THE FORMATION OF WOOD. 



21 



these ducts are scat- 

 tered through the 

 whole season's growth, 

 and in all conifers, as 

 for example the Pines 

 and Cedars, they are 

 entirely wanting. 

 But the differences in 

 hardness and color 

 between the growth 

 of spring and summer 

 are still present. It 

 is sometimes possible 

 to see the line which 

 separates the growth 

 of two seasons in the 

 bark, as in the case of 

 common cork, which 

 is the outer bark of 

 the Cork Oak, a na- 

 tive of southern Eu- 

 rope. (See fig. 15.) 



If the trunk or 

 branch of an Oak 

 tree is cut smoothly 

 across, thin whitish 

 lines may be seen run- 

 ning from within out- 

 ward. Some of these 

 lines begin in the cen- FlG> 21> ~ A 8ection of the common staghom 



Sumach, showing the darkened heartwood, 



ter Ot the tree, and the white sapwood, and the inner and outer 

 Others ill each One Of bark - Dark colorin g matter is often de- 

 , , , . posited in the heartwood, as in the case here 



the annual rings. suown . Mnford , Pa . 



