32 



A PRIMER OF FORESTRY. 



quently those on the lower and inner parts of the crown 

 are more vigorous, plentiful, and persistent than is 



the case with intoler- 

 ant trees, 

 crown of 

 tree in 

 usually 



Thus the 

 a tolerant 

 the forest is 

 denser and 

 longer than that of 

 one which bears less 

 shade. It is usually 

 true that the seed- 

 lings of trees with 

 dense crowns are able 

 to flourish under 

 cover, while those of 

 light-crowned trees 

 are intolerant. This 

 rough general rule is 

 often of use in the 

 study of forests in a 

 new country, or of 

 trees whose silvicul- 

 tural character is not 

 known. 



FIG. 29. A. small Red Spruce in the Adiron- 

 dack Mountains of New York. For many 

 years this tree stood under the dense cover 

 of taller trees. During that time its branches 

 spread to the sides, but it made scarcely any 

 growth in height. Then more light came to 

 it, probably by the fall of some tall neighbor, 

 and it began to recover its strength, and grow 

 much faster. The thin upper part of the 

 crown is where this faster height growth has 

 been going on. 



TOLERANCE AND 

 TOLERANCE. 



IN 



The tolerance or in- 

 tolerance of trees is 

 one of their most im- 

 portant silvicultural 



characters. Frequently it is the first thing a forester 

 seeks to learn about them, because what he can safely 



